STANFORD    UNIVERSITY    PUBLICATIONS 
UNIVERSITY     SERIES 

BIOLOGICAL     SCIENCES 

VOLUME  I  NUMBER  2 


REPORT  UPON  A 

^ 

COLLECTION  OF  COCCIDAE 

FROM  LOWER  CALIFORNIA 


BY 

GORDON  FLOYD  FERRIC 

Instructor  in  Entomology 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY,  CALIFORNIA 
PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY 
1921 


QL 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY 
PRESS 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

INTRODUCTION 63 

Lower  California 63 

Itinerary     .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .64 

Characteristics  of  the  scale  insect  fauna 64 

Types 68 

Acknowledgments  ...         .         .         .         .         .         .68 

SYSTEMATIC  TREATMENT .        .69 

Genus  Icerya      .....         .....  69 

Genus  Steatococcus            ........  69 

Genus  Orthezia  .         .         .         .         .  .         .         .71 

Genus  Asterolecanium        ........  72 

Genus  Dactylopius              ........  74 

Genus  Eriococcus       .........  74 

Genus  Fonscolombia           ........  78 

Genus  Xerococcus 80 

Genus  Kermes 81 

Genus  Ehrhornia        .........  82 

Genus  Pseudococcus           ...         .....  82 

Genus  Trionymus       .........  84 

Genus  Phenacoccus    ....         .....  84 

Genus  Puto        .                 86 

Genus  Erium      ..........  86 

Genus  Tachardia        .........  86 

Genus  Aclerda 87 

Genus  Pulvinaria        ....         .....  88 

Genus  Lichtensia 89 

Genus  Ceroplastes      .........  89 

Genus  Saissetia           .........  90 

Genus  Toumeyella      .         .         . 90 

Genus  Protodiaspis    .         .    *     .         .         •         •         •         •         .91 

Genus  Ancepaspis       ....         .....  93 

Genus  Xerophilaspis  .........  94 

Genus  Diaspis    .....••••• 

Genus  Pseudodiaspis           ........  96 


62  CONTENTS 

Genus  Pseudoparlatoria 108 

Genus  Chionaspis       .........     109 

Genus  Lepidosaphes  .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .111 

Genus  Odonaspis        .         .       .,»,  ,    .         .         .         .         .         .     119 

Genus  Aspidiotus       ....         .        .        .        .         .     123 

Genus  Chrysomphalus        .        .         .         .        .         .         .         .129 

Genus  Targionia .        .        .132 


INTRODUCTION 

LOWER  CALIFORNIA 

The  peninsula  of  Lower  California,  or,  to  use  its  Spanish  name,  Baja 
California,  is  a  long,  slender  land  finger  extending  southward  for  nearly 
eight  hundred  miles  from  its  junction  with  the  continent  of  North  America. 
Its  southern  extremity,  terminating  in  Cape  San  Lucas,  lies  just  within  the 
tropics  two  hundred  miles  across  the  Gulf  of  California  from  the  mainland 
of  Mexico,  of  which  the  peninsula  is  politically  a  part.  It  is,  in  the  main, 
an  isolated  land  whose  scanty  population  clusters  about  the  crumbling 
missions  that  stand  as  symbols  of  a  romantic  past  through  which  there 
moves  a  procession  of  priests,  pirates,  and  filibusters  succeeded  by  long 
years  in  which  the  land  was  virtually  forgotten. 

It  is  withal  a  land  to  fire  the  interest  of  the  scientific  explorer, 
especially  of  the  botanist,  for  its  isolation  and  its  climate  have  combined 
to  develop  what  has  been  characterized  as  the  strangest  desert  flora  in 
the  world.  Yet  until  comparatively  recent  years  but  little  has  been  known 
concerning  the  biota  of  the  peninsula.  The  existing  knowledge  is  based 
largely  upon  the  explorations  made  by  Dr.  Gustav  Eisen  under  the 
auspices  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  by  Mr.  T.  S. 
Brandegee  during  the  closing  years  of  the  past  century,  the  results  of  the 
extended  travels  of  Nelson  and  Goldman,  supported  by  the  Bureau  of 
Biological  Survey  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  having 
for  the  most  part  not  yet  been  made  public. 

In  certain  fields  enough  work  has  been  done  to  give  a  reasonably 
clear  conception  of  the  nature  of  the  life  of  the  peninsula,  but  there 
remain  some  groups  that  have  been  practically  untouched.  Among  these 
groups  are  the  insects.  Rather  extensive  entomological  collections  were 
made  by  Dr.  Eisen  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  peninsula,  the  region  to 
which  scientific  writers  have  applied  the  name  "Cape  Region,"  but  even 
here  practically  no  more  than  a  beginning  has  been  made.  Throughout 
the  remainder  of  the  area  almost  no  work  at  all  has  been  done  and  con- 
cerning certain  groups  there  is  no  information  whatsoever.  From  all  this 
great  area,  as  far  as  I  am  able  to  determine,  not  a  single  species  of  the 
Coccidae  or  scale  insects  has  heretofore  been  recorded,  although  the 
richness  of  the  flora  is  in  itself  evidence  that  this  group  should  be  well 
represented.  A  few  species  have  been  taken  from  Carmen  Island  in  the 
Gulf  of  California,  but  none  from  the  peninsula  itself. 


64  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

The  present  writer  has  long  been  keenly  aware  of  the  possibilities  of 
extending  our  knowledge  of  these  insects  by  explorations  within  this 
region.  With  the  financial  support  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences, 
the  Department  of  Entomology  of  Stanford  University  and  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Entomology,  it  became  possible  to  spend  some  time 
during  the  summer  of  1919  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  peninsula  for 
the  purpose,  in  part,  especially  of  collecting  these  insects.  It  is  upon  the 
results  of  this  work  that  the  present  paper  is  based. 

ITINERARY 

Except  for  a  few  hours  spent  ashore  at  Ensenada,  a  port  about  fifty 
miles  south  of  the  United  States  boundary,  the  collecting  was  confined  to 
the  extreme  southern  portion  of  the  peninsula  of  which  I  have  already 
spoken  as  the  Cape  Region.  Accompanied  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Slevin,  assistant 
curator  of  Herpetology  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  I  landed 
at  La  Paz,  a  port  about  one  hundred  miles  north  of  Cape  San  Lucas  on 
the  gulf  side  of  the  peninsula.  Here  a  few  days  were  spent  while  arrang- 
ing the  necessary  formalities  connected  with  passing  our  equipment 
through  the  customs,  and  then,  with  riding  animals  and  a  pack  train,  we 
started  upon  a  circuit  of  the  region. 

Stops  of  a  few  days  each  were  made  at  San  Pedro,  Triunfo,  San 
Antonio,  San  Bartolome  (or,  as  it  is  commonly  called  by  the  natives  and 
will  be  called  throughout  this  paper,  San  Bartolo),  the  Eureka  ranch  at 
La  Rivera,  Agua  Caliente,  Miraflores,  San  Jose  del  Cabo  and  Cabo  San 
Lucas.  From  the  latter  place  the  route  lay  by  the  roughest  of  trails  over 
the  mountains  to  Todos  Santos  on  the  western  coast.  From  Todos  Santos 
a  trip  of  a  few  days  was  made  to  La  Laguna,  a  meadow  near  the  summit 
of  the  Laguna  Mountains  at  an  altitude  of  perhaps  5,000  feet,  where  one 
finds  himself  in  surroundings  reminiscent  rather  of  regions  some  hundreds 
of  miles  to  the  northward  than  of  the  lowlands  immediately  about  the  base 
of  the  mountains.  From  Todos  Santos  we  then  returned  directly  across 
the  peninsula  to  La  Paz. 

CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE  SCALE  INSECT  FAUNA 
There  are  listed  in  the  following  pages  85  species  of  Coccidae.  Of 
these,  two,  Pseudodiaspis  larreae  and  P.  dentilobis  were  not  obtained  in 
the  peninsula,  although  the  former  doubtless  occurs  there,  but  are  in- 
cluded because  of  their  intimate  connection  with  certain  other  included 
species.  Two  others,  Ehrhornia  cupressi  and  Aspidiotus  densiflorae  are 
represented  by  specimens  taken  from  herbarium  material  from  Guadeloupe 
Island,  an  island  in  .the  Pacific  about  two  hundred  miles  off  the  coast  of 
Lower  California.  Three  species,  Erium  lichtensioides  (Ck.ll.),  Pseudo- 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  65 

coccus  eriogoni  (Ehrh.),  and  Pseudococcus  sequoiae  (Coleman),  were 
taken  only  at  Ensenada.  The  remaining  79  species  are  from  the  Cape 
Region. 

Of  these  79  species,  ten  are  cosmopolitan  or  at  least  tropicopolitan 
forms,  the  occurrence  of  which  in  this  area  is  of  no  particular  significance. 
These  are  the  following: 

Orthezia  insignis  (Douglas). 
Pseudococcus  filamentosus  (Ckll.). 
Pseudococcus  virgatus  (Ckll.). 
Saissetia  oleae  (Bern.). 
Saissetia  nigra  (Nietn.). 
Chrysomphalus  aurantii  (Maskell). 
Chrysomphalus  aonidum  (L.). 
Lepidosaphes  gloveri  (Pack.). 
Aspidiotus  lataniae  Sign. 
Aspidiotus  rapax  (Comst.). 

One  species,  Aspidiotus  spinosus  Comst.,  has  previously  been  re- 
corded from  greenhouses  in  eastern  United  States  and  in  England,  but  is 
of  unknown  origin.  It  is  almost  certainly  introduced  in  Lower  California 
also.  Three  species  are  neotropical  in  origin,  but  are  probably  introduced 
in  this  particular  area.  These  are  the  following : 

Asterolecanium  pustulans  (Ckll.). 
Ceroplastes  cirripediformis  Comst. 
Pseudoparlatoria  parlatorioides  (Comst.). 

Six  species,  of  which  three  are  from  oaks,  are  widely  distributed 
throughout  the  United  States  and  doubtless  northern  Mexico  as  well, 
these  being  the  following : 

Eriococcus  quercus  (  Comst. ) . 
Pseudococcus  maritimus  (Ehrh.). 
Chionaspis  pinifoliae  (Fitch). 
Chionaspis  quercus  Comst. 
Aspidiotus  diffinis  Newst. 
Aspidiotus  osborni  Ckll.  and  Newell. 

Twenty-four  species  I  am  identifying  as  forms  that  have  previously 
been  recorded  from  southwestern  United  States  or  northern  Mexico  and 
that  are  mere  or  less  characteristic  of  that  region.  These  are  the  fol- 
lowing : 

I  eery  a  rileyi  Ckll. 

Steatococcus  morrilli  (Ckll.). 


66  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

Dactylopius  confusus  (Ckll.). 
Dactylopius  tomentosus  (Lam.). 
Eriococcus  cryptus  Ckll. 
Eriococcus  bahiae  Ehrh. 
Eriococcus  stanfordianus  Ferris. 
Pseudococcus  salinus  (Ckll.). 
Trionymus  smithii  (Essig). 
Puto  yuccae  (Coq.). 
Phenacoccus  helianthi  (Ckll.). 
Toumeyella  mirabilis  Ckll. 
Ceroplastes  irregularis  Ckll. 
Lichtensia  lycii  Ckll. 
Ancepaspis  tridentata  (Ferris). 
Pseudodiaspis  yuccae  (Ckll.). 
Pseudodiaspis  multipora  Ferris. 
Diaspis  arizonica  Ckll. 
Diaspis  echinocacti  (Bouche). 
Xerophilaspis  prosopidis  (Ckll.). 
Lepidosaphes  concolor  (Ckll.). 
Lepidosaphes  mimosarum  (Ckll.). 
Aspidiotus  candidulus  Ckll. 
Targionia  yuccarum  (Ckll.). 

One  species  I  am  referring  doubtfully  to  Eriococcus  palmeri  Ckll.,  a 
species  heretofore  recorded  only  from  Carmen  Island  in  the  Gulf  of 
California. 

Twenty-nine  species  are  here  described  as  new.  It  is  not  impossible 
that  some  of  these  will  eventually  prove  to  be  identical  with  species 
already  described  from  Mexico.  Some  are  very  closely  related  to  northern 
forms,  being  perhaps  in  the  nature  of  subspecies  as  that  term  is  under- 
stood by  mammalogists  and  ornithologists,  and  others  will  almost  certainly 
be  found  to  occur  in  the  United  States  and  northern  Mexico.  A  few  may 
prove  to  be  truly  autochthonous  in  the  peninsula.  The  list  of  new  species 
is  as  follows> 

Steatococcus  tabernicolus. 
Orthezia  caudata. 
Asterolecanium  cristatum. 
Fonscolombia  peninsularis. 
Eriococcus  tillandsiae. 
Eriococcus  paucispinus. 
Xerococcus  fouquieriae. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  Off 

Phenacoccus  franseriae. 
Aclerda  attenuata. 
Pulvinaria  peninsularis. 
Toumeyella  cerifera. 
Protodiaspis  lagunae. 
Ancepaspis  novemdentata. 
Diaspis  simmondsiae. 
Pseudodiaspis  prosopidis. 
Pseudodiaspis  elaphrii. 
Pseudodiaspis  ruelliae. 
Pseudodiaspis  magna. 
Chionaspis  distichlii. 
Lepidosaphes  acuta. 
Lepidosaphes  calcarata. 
Lepidosaphes  obtecta. 
Lepidosaphes  peninsularis. 
Odonaspis  litorosa. 
Odonaspis  fistulata. 
Chrysomphalus  enceliae. 
Chrysomphalus  induratus. 
Aspidiotus  chortinus. 
Aspidiotus  pedilanthi. 

Two  of  these  species,  Odonaspis  fistulata  and  Aclerda  attenuata, 
apparently  have  their  nearest  relatives  in  the  East  Indian  region,  as  will 
be  pointed  out  in  the  discussion  concerning  them.  It  is  possible  that 
they  have  been  introduced  into  Lower  California  on  bamboo,  but  in  the 
present  state  of  our  knowledge  speculation  is  idle. 

Four  species  are  left  unidentified  for  lack  of  material  or  other 
reasons,  but  are  listed  for  the  sake  of  completeness. 

It  is  obvious  from  the  above  resume  that  the  affinities  of  the  scale 
insect  fauna  of  this  region  are  most  intimately  related  with  the  fauna  of 
southwestern  United  States  and  northwestern  Mexico,  which  is  quite  in 
accord  with  the  known  facts  concerning  the  other  groups  that  have  been 
studied  to  any  extent.  What  connection,  if  any,  there  may  be  with  the 
fauna  of  the  tropical  west  coast  of  Mexico  below  Mazatlan,  remains  to 
be  determined,  for  the  scale  insects  of  the  latter  region  are  still  almost 
entirely  unknown. 

In  general  the  collector  in  this  area  cannot  fail  to  be  impressed  by 
the  absence  of  conspicuous  forms,  especially  in  the  Coccinae.  A  very 
large  proportion  of  the  species  are  only  to  be  found  by  the  stripping  off 
of  loose  bark,  the  uprooting  of  such  things  as  may  be  uprooted,  or  the 


68  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

digging  about  the  roots  of  those  that  may  not.  Practically  all  of  the 
soft  scales  are  attended  by  ants  of  the  genus  Crematogaster  and  are  pro- 
tected by  shelters  of  a  papery  consistency  built  by  the  ants  across  the 
cracks  in  which  the  scales  are  hidden  or  even  over  individuals  that  may 
otherwise  be  freely  exposed  upon  the  twigs.  It  is  frequently  only  by  the 
presence  of  the  ants  that  any  indication  is  given  of  the  presence  of  the 
scales. 

TYPES 

In  the  case  of  all  the  new  species  a  holotype  has  been  designated,  and 
these  types  are  deposited  in  the  Stanford  Collection  of  Coccidae.  Para- 
types  of  all  the  new  species,  except  Steatococcus  tabernicolus,  will  be  de- 
posited in  the  National  Collection  of  Coccidae. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

To  the  authorities  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  to  Dr. 
W.  K.  Fisher  and  Professor  R.  W.  Doane  of  Stanford  University,  and  to 
Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Entomology,  are  due 
acknowledgments  for  assistance  in  obtaining  the  financial  support  that 
made  possible  this  report.  To  Mr.  Harold  Morrison  of  the  Bureau  of 
Entomology  I  am  indebted  for  the  comparison  of  certain  species  with 
types  in  the  National  Collection  of  Coccidae.  I  am  also  indebted  to  my 
wife,  Roxana  S.  Ferris,  for  much  valuable  assistance  in  the  identification 
of  various  plants. 


SYSTEMATIC  TREATMENT 

Genus  ICERYA  Sign. 
Icerya  rileyi  Ckll. 

Previous  records.  From  Prosopis  and  Coinllea  in  New  Mexico  and 
Arizona. 

Lower  California  records.  From  undetermined  mimosaceous  shrub 
and  Prosopis  sp.  at  San  Antonio ;  Prosopis  sp.,  Casuarina  sp.,  and  unde- 
termined ornamental  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo ;  undetermined  mimosaceous 
shrub  on  Mt.  San  Bernardo ;  Franseria  sp.,  at  Todos  Santos. 

Notes :  It  is  with  much  doubt  that  I  assign  all  these  specimens  to  /.  rileyi. 
There  is  some  difference  in  the  form  and  amount  of  the  secretions,  the  specimens 
from  Franseria  having  the  ovisac  very  definitely  yellow  at  the  base  while  the 
others  are  all  white,  and  there  is  some  difference  in  the  size  and  number  of  the 
setae  on  the  body,  the  examples  from  the  various  hosts  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo  and 
Mt.  San  Bernardo  having  the  setae  more  numerous  and  more  slender. 

Several  species  of  this  genus  have  been  described  from  Mexico  and  slide 
mounts  of  some  of  these  are  at  hand.  It  is  obvious  that  all  of  these  forms  are 
very  closely  related  and  only  a  careful  study  of  much  material,  and  that  the  most 
favorable,  can  settle  their  relationships.  I  therefore  place  the  Lower  California 
material  for  the  present  with  I.  rileyi,  the  first  described. 

Genus  STEATOCOCCUS  n.  gen.1 

1919.  Paleococcus  (part),  Ferris:  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of  the  Cocci- 
dae  of  Southwestern  United  States,"  Stanford  University  Publications, 
p.  7. 

Monophleboid  Coccidae  of  the  general  type  of  the  genus  Icerya,  that 
is :  legs,  antennae,  and  mouth  parts  present  in  all  stages ;  anal  tube  lacking 
except  in  the  first  stage  and  in  this  stage  very  small ;  adult  male  alate,  with 
but  the  caudal  pair  of  fleshy  appendages  present ;  abdominal  spiracles 
present  only  on  the  last  three  segments;  antennae  10- 11 -segmented.  Dif- 
fering from  Icerya  in  the  possession  of  a  marsupium  which  opens  through 
a  large,  circular  opening  just  behind  the  posterior  legs,  in  this  respect 
resembling  Mimosicerya  (=Clypeococcus),  but  differing  from  the  latter 
in  not  having  the  derm  chitinized. 

Type  of  the  genus  Paleococcus  morrilli  Ckll.  Other  included  species, 
Paleococcus  mexicanus  (Ckll.  and  Parrott),  P.  p'lucheae  (Ckll.),  F.  town- 
sendi  (Ckll.),  and  P.  tabernicolus  n.  sp. 


*A  single  specimen  of  a  species  of  this  genus  was  taken  from  mistletoe  at 
San  Pedro,  but  was  unfortunately  lost.  This  specimen  represented  an  un- 
described  species  characterized  by  the  presence  of  several  large  spine-like  pro- 
cesses on  the  dorsum  of  the  cephalothorax. 


70  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

I  have  previously  (ref.  cited)  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  the 
species  of  the  type  of  Paleococcus  morrilH  probably  are  not  congeneric 
with  the  type  of  Paleococcus,  and  have  suggested  that  the  genus  Crypti- 
cerya  might  be  revived  for  them.  However,  there  have  since  come  to 
hand  examples  of  C.  rosae  (the  type  of  this  genus)  and  this  proves  to 
lack  the  marsupium  that  is  a  distinctive  character  of  Steatococcus.  The 
new  genus  is  evidently  of  the  type  of  Mimosicerya  (=  Clypeococcus 
Newst.),  the  type  of  which  is  Paleococcus  hempeli,  but  from  this  it  differs 
most  noticeably  in  the  unchitinized  derm  and  the  absence  of  the  prominent 
clypeal  region. 

The  genus  as  at  present  known  is  characteristic  of  southwestern 
United  States  and  northern  Mexico,  the  "Sonoran  region"  of  biologists. 

Steatococcus  morrilli  (Ckll.)  n.  sp. 

1914.    Paleococcus  morrilli  Ckll.,  Ent.  News:  25;  110. 

1919.  Paleococcus  morrilli  Ckll.,  Ferris:  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of  the 
Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United  States,"  Stanford  University  Publica- 
tions, p.  8,  fig.  2. 

Previous  records.     Known  only  from  Acacia  greggii  in  Arizona. 
Lower  California  records.     From  Haematoxylon  boreale,  San  Pedro, 
beneath  the  surface  of  the  soil,  associated  with  ants. 

Steatococcus  tabernicolus  n.  sp. 

Type  from  Prosopis  sp.  near  La  Rivera. 

Habit.  On  the  smaller  twigs  of  the  host  beneath  shelters  built  by 
ants.  Owing  to  the  attentions  of  the  ants  the  Coccids  were  in  all  cases 
entirely  devoid  of  secretion. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (mounted  on  slide)  5  mm. 
Derm  entirely  destitute  of  large  spines  or  setae,  even  between  the  bases 
of  the  antennae,  except  for  a  few  quite  large  submedian  setae  on  the 
ventral  side  behind  the  opening  of  the  marsupium.  Depression  contain- 
ing the  anal  opening  beset  with  numerous  small  spines  and  a  few  such 
spines  scattered  over  the  body.  Margin  of  the  marsupial  opening  with 
numerous  pores  and  the  remainder  of  the  body  almost  without  pores 
except  for  the  head  and  the  posterior  portion  of  the  abdomen,  where  they 
are  quite  numerous.  Antennae  10-segmented. 

Immature  stages  not  seen. 

Notes :  Only  two  specimens  of  this  species  are  available  for  study  and  it 
might  be  thought  that  the  absence  of  large  spines  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
spines  have  been  broken  off,  but  werq  this  the  case  the  bases  of  the  spines  would 
still  remain,  affording  evidence  of  their  presence.  The  almost  complete  absence 
of  large  setae  at  once  distinguishes  this  species  from  the  other  members  of  the 
genus. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


71 


Genus  ORTHEZIA  Bosc. 

Orthezia  caudata  n.  sp. 

Fig.  1. 

Type  from  a  very  large,  shrubby  composite,  probably  Encelia  palmer i, 
at  Todos  Santos. 

Habit.  Dried  specimens,  with  sac,  about  5-6  mm.  long,  the  sac 
occupying  about  half  the  total  length.  The  lateral  margins  bear  short 
tassels  and  in  fully  grown  examples  the  dorsal  plates  extend  to  the 
margins,  entirely  concealing  the  derm,  although  in  immature  examples 


Fig.  1. — Orthezia  caudata  n.  sp. :  patch  of  spines  from  dorsum  of  abdomen. 

there  is  a  distinct,  submedian  bare  area  on  each  side.  Arising  from  about 
the  anus  is  a  single  long,  slender  process  which  extends  fully  to  the  end 
of  the  ovisac.  Ovisac  moderately  stout,  curved  upward  at  the  apex,  com- 
posed of  a  single  broad  ventral  plate  and  several  narrow  dorsal  plates. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Derm  with  the  usual  areas  of  clubbed 
spines  and  also  with  areas  of  much  larger,  very  conspicuous  black  spines. 
Those  of  the  smaller  size  are  rather  sparsely  distributed  over  'the  entire 
dorsum  while  those  of  the  larger  size  are  arranged  in  conspicuous  clus- 
ters (Fig.  1).  There  appears  to  be  much  variation  in  the  size  of  these 
clusters  and  their  arrangement,  but  in  general  it  appears  to  be  about  as 
follows :  each  thoracic  segment  with  a  large,  submarginal  cluster  on  each 
side  and  each  of  the  first  four  abdominal  segments  with  two  small  clusters 
on  each  side,  although  these  may  in  part  be  lacking.  Abdominal  spiracles 
very  small,  apparently  but  five  pairs  present. 

Notes :  The  distinctive  feature  of  this  species  in  life  is  the  long,  caudal  wax 
tassel.  Morphologically  it  differs  from  any  other  species  known  to  me  by  the 
presence  of  the  conspicuous  areas  of  large  spines. 


72 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


Orthezia  insignis  Douglas. 

Previous  records.  A  widely  distributed  tropical  and  greenhouse 
species. 

Lower  California  records.  Abundant  upon  Capsicum  sp.  ("Chile") 
in  a  garden  at  La  Paz. 

Genus  ASTEROLECANIUM. 

Asterolecanium  pustulans  (Ckll.). 

Fig.  2. 

Previous  records.  A  widely  distributed  species  in  the  neotropical 
region  on  numerous  hosts. 


Fig.  2. — Asterolecanium  pustulans  (Ckll.).:  A,  adult  female;  B,  anal  lobes,  left 
half  dorsal,  right  half  ventral;  C,  type  of  duct;  D,  types  of  pores,  the 
larger  pore  from  the  dorsum,  the  smaller  from  the  marginal  series ;  E,  pores 
of  the  marginal  series. 

Lower  California  records.  From  oleander  at  La  Paz  and  Miraflores, 
Vachellia  farnesiana  at  Todos  Santos  and  mango  at  San  Bartolo. 

Habit.  Normally  a  pit- forming  species,  but  the  examples  from  mango 
and  Vachellia  were  not  in  pits.  The  dorsum,  when  not  rubbed,  is  covered 
with  great  numbers  of  short,  curling,  reddish  wax  filaments. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (on  slide)  .9  mm.  long, 
the  body  (Fig.  2A)  nearly  circular  with  the  anal  region  projecting 
slightly.  Pores  of  the  8-shaped  type  abundant  on  the  dorsum,  slightly 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


73 


larger  than  those  of  the  marginal  series  (Fig.  2D).  Marginal  pores  ar- 
ranged in  a  definite  single  row  accompanied  by  a  row  of  small  circular 
pores  (Fig.  2E).  Stigmatic  depressions  marked  by  numbers  of  these 
circular  pores  which  form  a  series  from  the  margin  to  the  corresponding 
spiracles.  Anal  lobes  (Fig.  2B)  quite  prominent,  closely  united,  their 
median  area  on  the  ventral  side  quite  heavily  chitinized.  Tubular  ducts  of 
the  type  indicated  in  Fig.  2C. 

Notes :  The  specimens  at  hand  agree  entirely  with  examples  from  fig  at 
Tampico,  Mexico,  and  from  oleander  at  quarantine  from  Mexico. 

Asterolecanium  cristatum  n.  sp. 

Fig.  3. 

Type  from  Heteromeles  arbutifcilia  at  La  Laguna.  Also  from  Jatro- 
pha  canescens  ("lomboi")  at  San  Antonio;  Celosia  floribunda  ("bledo'') 
at  San  Bartolo  and  San  Jose  del  Cabo;  Tapirira  edulis  ("ciruela")  at  San 
Bartolo ;  Encelia  palmeri  at  Todos  Santos. 

Habit.  Test  about  1.5  mm.  long,  oval,  high  convex,  in  unrubbed 
specimens  entirely  covered  with  short  curling  wax  filaments  and  with 
numerous  long  filaments  which  are  as  long  as  the  test  itself,  these  fre- 


8 


Fig.  3- — Asterolecanium  cristatum  n.  sp. :  A,  adult  female,  to  show  distribution 
of  pores;  B,  anal  lobes,  left  half  dorsal,  right  half  ventral;  C,  types  of 
pores,  the  larger  from  the  dorsum,  the  smaller  from  the  marginal  series. 


74  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

quently  forming  a  prominent  crest.  Rubbed  specimens  of  a  uniform  green. 
In  no  case  was  the  species  observed  to  cause  the  formation  of  pits. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  3A)  (on  slide) 
about  1  mm.  long,  nearly  circular,  the  caudal  region  projecting  slightly. 
Margin  with  a  series  of  small  8-shaped  pores  which  is  continuous  except 
for  the  caudal  region,  this  series  accompanied  by  a  row  of  small,  circular 
pores  for  a  short  distance  on  each  side  of  the  stigmatic  depressions  only. 
Dorsal  pores  numerous,  of  two  sizes,  the  smaller  size  slightly  larger  than 
those  of  the  marginal  series,  the  others  about  twice  as  long  (Fig.  3C) 
with  some  intergradation  between  the  two  extremes.  Anal  lobes  (Fig. 
3B)  closely  united,  not  chitinized  ventrally.  Anal  ring  with  six  slender 
setae.  Tubular  ducts  numerous,  of  the  same  type  as  in  A.  pustulans. 

Notes:  Among  the  specimens  which  I  refer  to  this  species  there  is  a 
considerable  degree  of  difference,  examples  from  Celosia  and  Jatropha  having 
the  dorsal  pores  fewer  and  with  the  large  pores  distinctly  concentrated  in  the 
median  region.  It  is  possible  that  two  species  are  involved  but  the  speicmens 
agree  in  other  respects  and  the  material  available  is  not  sufficient  to  permit  the 
study  of  extensive  series. 

The  species  differs  from  A.  pustulans  most  conspicuously  in  the  incomplete 
marginal  series  of  circular  pores  and  also  in  the  variable  size  of  the  dorsal  pores. 

Genus  DACTYLOPIUS  Costa. 
Dactylopius  confusus  (Ckll.). 

Previous  records.  Montana,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico,  on  various 
species  of  Opuntia,  and  under  subspecific  names  from  various  other  coun- 
tries where  it  has  been  introduced. 

Lower  California  records.  From  flat  Opuntia  ("nopal"),  at  La  Paz 
and  La  Palma. 

Dactylopius  tomentosus  (Lam.). 

Previous  records.  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  southwestern  Cali- 
fornia and  England  (introduced  from  Arizona),  on  Opuntia. 

Lower  California  records.  From  a  cylindrical  Opuntia  ("cholla"). 
at  La  Paz,  San  Jose  del  Cabo,  and  Cabo  San  Lucas. 

Genus  ERIOCOCCUS  Targ. 

Eriococcus  bahiae  Ehrh. 

1920.    Eriococcus  bahiae  Ehrh.,  Ferris:  "Scale  Insects  of  the  Santa  Cruz   Penin- 
sula," Stanford  University  Publications,  Biological  Sciences,  1:1:17,  fig.  4. 

Previous  records.  From  Eriophyllum  confer tiflorum,  near  Stanford 
University,  Calif,  (type),  and  Gutierrezia  sp.,  near  Las  Cruces,  New 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


75 


Mexico.     It  has  also  been  recorded  from  France,  this  latter  record  pos- 
sibly the  result  of  misidentification. 

Lower  California  records.  From  the  roots  of  Dalea  emoryi  at  La 
Paz  and  Todos  Santos;  Porophyllum  gracile  ("yerba  del  venado")  near 
San  Jose  del  Cabo ;  mimosaceous  shrub  at  San  Antonio ;  Chamaecyce  sp. 
("golondrina")  between  La  Paz  and  San  Pedro. 

Notes :  The  specimens  from  Porophyllum  agree  very  closely  with  typical 
examples,  the  others  differ  somewhat  but  yet  come  within  the  range  of  variation 
of  the  species. 


Eriococcus  cryptus  Ckll. 

Fig.  4. 

Previous  records.  Known  only  from  roots  of  Gutierrezia  in  New 
Mexico. 

Lower  California  records.     From  Atriplex  sp.  at  La  Paz. 

Habit.  Sac  about  3.5  mm.  long,  white,  smooth  and  closely  felted, 
rather  brittle. 


-«w  v 

Fig.  4. — Erio-'coccus  cryptus  Ckll. :  A,  antenna ;  B,  dorsal  aspect  of  anal  lobe ;  C 
types  of  spines ;  D,  type  of  duct. 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (on  slide)  2.5  mm. 
long,  of  ordinary  form.  Dorsum  of  the  body  entirely  destitute  of  spines 
except  for  a  very  few  that  are  extremely  small.  Lateral  margins  of  each 
abdominal  segment  with  a  single,  large,  stout,  curved  spine  accompanied 
by  a  single  much  smaller  spine  of  similar  form  (Fig.  4C).  Along  the 
margin  of  the  head  and  thorax  these  spines  form  an  irregularly  single  or 
double  row.  Anal  lobes  (Fig.  4B)  prominent,  slightly  chitinized,  each 
with  two  slender  setae  ventrally  and  three  spines  dorsally,  these  somewhat 


76 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


smaller  and  straighter  than  the  larger  of  the  marginal  spines.  Anal  ring 
with  eight  setae,  these  about  half  as  long  as  the  anal  lobe  setae.  Legs  with 
the  tarsus  slightly  longer  than  the  tibia,  the  claw  with  a  distinct  tooth,  the 
posterior  coxae  with  numerous  small  pores  beneath.  Antennae  (Fig.  4A) 
6-segmented,  the  third  segment  as  long  as  or  even  slightly  longer  than  the 
last  three  together.  Wax  ducts  (Fig.  3D)  with  a  rather  broad,  deep  and 
symmetrical  cup. 

Notes:  Examples  from  this  material  have  been  compared  by  Mr.  Morri- 
son with  specimens  in  the  National  Collection  at  Washington  and  this  determina- 
tion has  been  confirmed  by  him.  The  species  was  originally  described  as  a  variety 
of  E.  tinsleyi,  but  the  latter  species  is  quite  different,  having  the  dorsum  thickly 
beset  with  stout  spines. 

Eriococcus  paucispinus  n.  sp. 

Fig.  5. 

Type  from  Celosia  floribunda  ("bledo"),  Cabo  San  Lucas. 
Habit.     Sac  presenting  no  distinctive  characters. 


*^~ =^11"  J^c^ 

Fig.  5. — Eriococcus  paucispinus  n.  sp. :  A,  antenna ;  B,  type  of  spine ;  C,  anal  lobe 
D,  types  of  ducts. 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (on  slide)  3  mm.  long. 
Derm  entirely  destitute  of  spines  and  setae  except  for  the  usual  slender 
setae  on  the  venter  of  the  abdomen,  a  very  few  extremely  small  spines 
on  the  dorsum  and  a  slender  spine  (Fig.  5B)  at  the  lateral  margin  of 
the  last  two  or  three  abdominal  segments.  Anal  lobes  (Fig.  5C)  promi- 
nent and  quite  heavily  chitinized,  each  with  two  quite  long  and  slender 
setae  on  the  dorsum  and  two  somewhat  longer  setae  on  the  ventral  side. 
Antennae  (Fig.  5A)  6-segmented,  the  third  segment  longer  than  any 
three  others  together.  Legs  with  the  tarsus  slightly  longer  than  the  tibia, 
the  claw  with  a  denticle,  the  hind  coxae  with  numerous  pores  beneath. 
Wax  ducts  (Fig.  5D)  of  two  sizes,  some  quite  small  and  with  the  cup 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  77 

deep  and  distinctly  asymmetrical,  the  others  larger  and  with  the  cup 
broad  and  shallow.  Anal  ring  with  eight  setae,  these  about  half  as  long 
as  the  anal  lobe  setae. 

Notes :  The  only  described  species  known  to  me  that  at  all  approaches  this 
is  E.  inermis  Green,  from  grass  in  England.  The  two  are  very  similar  in  the 
absence  of  spines  but  differ  in  that  E.  inermis  bears  stout  spines  instead  of 
slender  setae  on  the  anal  lobes. 

Eriococcus  palmeri  Ckll. 

Two  specimens  were  taken  from  Ruellia  sp.  at  Todos  Santos  which 
Mr.  Morrison  considers  possibly  to  be  nearest  E.  palmeri  Ckll.  In  view 
of  the  scanty  material  they  may  be  placed  with  this  species  for  the  present. 
It  has  previously  been  recorded  from  Bourreria  sonorae  on  Carmen 
Island  in  the  Gulf  of  California. 

Eriococcus  quercus  (Comst.). 

1920.  Eriococcus  quercus  (Comst.);  Ferris:  "Scale  Insects'  of  the  Santa  Cruz 
Peninsula,"  Stanford  University  Publications,  Biological  Sciences,  1:1:19, 
fig.  6. 

Previous  records.  Widely  distributed  throughout  the  United  States 
on  various  species  of  Quercus,  ranging  across  the  continent. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Quercus  brandegeei,  between  La 
Rivera  and  Santiago. 

Notes :  But  a  single  example  of  this  species  was  obtained,  this  agreeing 
quite  closely  with  examples  from  Quercus  agrifolia  in  California. 

Eriococcus  stanfordianus  Ferris. 

1920.  Eriococcus  stanfordianus,  Ferris:  "Scale  Insects  of  the  Santa  Cruz  Penin- 
sula," Stanford  University  Publications,  Biological  Sciences,  1 :1 :21,  fig.  7. 

Previous  records.  Known  only  from  the  vicinity  of  Stanford  Uni- 
versity, California,  from  unknown  host. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Cassia  sp.  at  Todos  Santos ; 
Mimosa  sp.  at  San  Pedro ;  feral  domestic  cotton  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo. 

Notes :  It  is  only  with  much  hesitation  that  I  refer  all  these  specimens  to 
this  species.  The  specimens  from  Cassia  agree  very  closely  with  the  type,  except 
for  the  presence  of  a  very  few  small  spines  on  the  dorsum  of  the  abdomen  in 
addition  to  the  large  spines.  Those  from  Mimosa  likewise  agree  quite  closely 
except  that  the  spines  are  noticeably  shorter  and  stouter  than  in  the  type.  The 
specimens  from  cotton  differ  most  widely,  there  being  many  smaller  spines  on 
the  dorsum  which  at  times  approach  the  larger  spines  in  size.  Specimens  from 
this  latter  lot  have  been  compared  by  Mr.  Morrison  with  the  Eriococcus  material 
in  the  National  Collection  and  he  informs  me  that  he  cannot  connect  these  with 
any  species  in  the  collection.  It  may  be  noted  that  these  approach  E.  toutneyi  Ckll. 
(E.  quercus  var.  toumeyi  Ckll.)  in  spine  characters. 


78  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

Eriococcus  tillandsiae  n.  sp. 
Fig.  6. 

Type  from  Tillandsia  recuruata,  about  midway  between  Cabo  San 
Lucas  and  Pescadero. 

Habit.  Occurring  among  the  crowded  leaf  bases  of  the  host.  Sac 
not  noted. 


Fig.  6.— Eriococcus  tillandsiae  n.  sp. :  A,  antenna;  B,  types  of  spines;  C,  type  of 

duct. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (on  slide)  about  3  mm. 
long.  Spines  confined  to  the  margin  of  the  body  except  for  a  few  ex- 
tremely small,  sharply-pointed  spines  on  the  dorsum.  Marginal  spines 
(Fig.  6B)  along  the  abdomen  arranged  in  groups  of  four  to  six  on  each 
segment,  two  of  these  being  large,  tapering  and  sharply  pointed  and 
sometimes  slightly  curved,  the  others  of  the  same  shape  but  smaller. 
Along  the  head  and  thorax  the  spines  are  more  numerous,  forming  an 
irregularly  double  or  triple  series  and  are  more  nearly  of  the  same  size. 
Anal  lobes  prominent,  weakly  chitinized,  each  dorsally  with  two  spines 
which  are  practically  of  the  size  and  shape  of  the  larger  marginal  spines, 
ventrally  with  three  quite  long  setae,  the  longest  of  which  is  perhaps 
three-fourths  as  long  as  the  anal  lobe  setae.  Antennae  (Fig.  6A)  7-seg- 
mented,  quite  large  and  long.  Legs  with  the  tarsus  slightly  longer  than 
the  tibia,  the  claw  with  a  denticle,  the  posterior  coxae  with  very  few  pores 
beneath.  Anal  lobe  setae  only  slightly  longer  than  the  anal  ring  setae. 
Wax  ducts  (Fig.  6C)  with  the  cups  quite  deep,  symmetrical. 

Genus  FONSCOLOMBIA  Licht. 

Fonscolombia  peninsularis  n.  sp. 

Fig.  7. 

Type  from  Asclepias  subuHata,  near  the  beach  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo. 
Also  from  Franseria  (  ?)  sp.  at  San  Antonio. 

Habit.  Occurring  on  the  crowns  of  the  host,  surrounded  by  a  small 
amount  of  secretion. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


79 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  7A)  (on  slide) 
about  2.5  mm.  long,  regularly  oval.  Derm  slightly  pigmented.  Dorsum 
destitute  of  all  but  a  few  very  small,  slender  spines.  Venter  with  a  trans- 
verse row  of  small,  slender  setae  on  each  abdominal  segment  and  a  few 


Fig.  7. — Fonscolombia  peninsularis  n.  sp. :   A,  adult  female;   B,  type  of  duct;   C, 
antenna  of  adult  female;  D,  anal  ring. 

such  setae  on  the  thorax.  Anal  lobes  low,  each  with  one  long  and  one 
short  seta.  Anal  ring  (Fig.  7D)  distinctly  cellular,  bearing  six  setae 
which  are  somewhat  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the  ring.  Derm  beset 
with  numerous  small,  multilocular  pores,  both  dorsally  and  ventrally, 
especially  on  the  abdomen.  Antennae  (Fig.  7C)  7-segmented,  moderately 
stout.  Legs  quite  slender,  the  claw  with  a  very  minute  denticle.  Spiracles 
small,  not  surrounded  by  a  ring  of  pores.  Wax  ducts  (Fig.  6B)  with  the 
cup  quite  deep,  slightly  asymmetrical. 

Immature  stages  not  seen. 

Notes:  This  is  the  third  species  of  this  genus  to  be  recorded  from  North 
America.  It  is  very  distinct  from  F.  yuccae  Ferris,  and  F.  braggi  Ckll.  and  Rob., 
the  cellular  anal  ring  and  the  absence  of  pores  about  the  spiracles  serving  to 
distinguish  it  at  once. 


80  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

Genus  XEROCOCCUS  n.  gen. 

Coccidae  referable  to  the  subfamily  Dactylopiinae  (of  the  Fernald 
Catalogue)  and  belonging  probably  to  the  Eriococcus  group,  that  is  with- 
out dorsal  ostioles,  with  tubular  ducts  which  have  the  inner  extremity 
of  the  basal  portion  reflexed  into  a  cup  and  with  the  anal  ring  bearing 
setae.  Adult  female  with  the  antennae  reduced  to  mere  vestiges  and 
with  the  legs  represented  by  minute  chitinized  points ;  body  terminating 
in  a  pair  of  large,  swollen  lobes ;  anal  ring  non-cellular,  bearing  six  smail 
setae;  tubular  ducts  numerous,  of  the  ordinary  Eriococcine  type.  Inter- 
mediate stages  resembling,  in  general,  the  adult.  First  stage  with  the 
antennae  6-segmented,  of  the  usual  Eriococcine  type ;  anal  ring  very  small 
and  apparently  the  same  in  form  as  that  of  the  adult;  dorsum  without 
spines,  margins  of  the  abdomen  with  short,  stout  spines. 

Type  of  the  genus  Xerococcus  fouquieriae  n.  sp. 

Notes:  This  genus  departs  rather  widely  from  the  usual  Eriococcine  type, 
yet  it  appears  to  belong  to  this  group.  I  know  of  nothing  that  very  closely  re- 
sembles it. 

Xerococcus  fouquieriae  n.  sp. 

Fig.  8. 

Type  from  Fouquicria  peninsularis  ("palo  de  Adan")  at  La  Paz. 

Habit.  Occurring  beneath  the  bark  scales  of  the  host,  imbedded  in  a 
considerable  amount  of  amorphous  secretion ;  insects  of  a  bright  red 
color  in  life. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  8A)  about  2.5 
mm.  long  (on  slide),  elongate-oval,  tapering  posteriorly,  the  body  terminat- 
ing in  a  pair  of  large,  swollen  lobes.  In  fully  mature  individuals  the 
derm  becomes  quite  heavily  chitinized  throughout,  but  in  younger 
examples  only  the  posterior  portion  of  the  abdomen  and  the  lobes  are 
chitinized,  these  heavily  so.  On  the  anal  lobes  and  the  posterior  portion 
of  the  abdomen  the  derm  presents  a  somewhat  papillate  appearance. 
Antennae  (Fig.  8E)  very  small,  consisting  of  three  minute  segments. 
Legs  represented  by  small  chitinized  points.  Derm  almost  destitute  of 
setae  except  for  a  few  that  are  extremely  small  and  slender.  Anal  ring 
(Fig.  8D)  quite  small,  almost  concealed  between  the  lobes,  simple  and 
bearing  six  small  spines.  Derm  with  large  numbers  of  tubular  ducts 
(Fig.  8F)  which  bear  internally  a  filamentous  prolongation  and  have  the 
larger  basal  part  terminating  in  a  reflexed,  somewhat  asymmetrical  cup. 
Spiracles  (Fig.  8B)  rather  small,  surrounded  by  many  small  ducts  with  a 
trilocular  center  (Fig.  8C). 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


81 


Penultimate  stage  similar  to  the  adult  except  that  the  anal  lobes  are 
much  less  prominent,  the  tubular  ducts  fewer  and  the  abdomen  bears  a 
row  of  moderately  large  spines  along  the  margin. 


Fig.  8. — Xerococcus  fonquieriae  n.  sp. :  A,  adu.lt  female;  B,  spiracle;  C,  type  of 
pore;  D,  anal  ring;  E,  antenna  of  adult  female;  F,  type  of  duct;  G,  an- 
tenna of  first  stage;  H,  first  stage. 

•  First  stage  (Fig.  8H)  with  6-segmented  antennae  (Fig.  7G).  Mar- 
gins of  the  body,  especially  along  the  posterior  portion  of  the  abdomen, 
beset  with  a  single  row  of  short,  stout  spines.  Anal  lobes  very  low,  each 
with  a  single  slender  seta.  Anal  ring  very  small,  apparently  as  in  the  adult. 

Notes :  The  host  of  this  species  is  restricted  to  Lower  California,  but  one 
other  species  of  the  same  genus,  Fouquieria  splendens,  is  abundant  throughout 
southwestern  United  States  and  northwestern  Mexico  and  it  is  probable  that  this 
Coccid  will  eventually  be  found  to  occur  upon  it. 


Genus  KERMES  Boitard. 
Kermes  sp. 

Host  and  locality.     From  Quercus  idonea  on  Mt.  San  Bernardo. 

Notes :  But  a  few  specimens  of  this  species  were  taken.  Owing  to  the 
fact  that  determinations  in  this  genus  are  scarcely  possible  in  the  existing  con- 
dition of  the  literature  and  to  a  belief  that  new  species  should  be  described  in 
the  genus  only  when  the  younger  stages  are  available  I  refrain  from  describing 
this  species. 


82  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

Genus  EHRHORNIA  Ferris. 
Ehrhornia  cupressi  (Ehrh.). 

Previous  records.  From  various  species  of  Cupressus  and  from 
Libocedrus  decurrens  throughout  California. 

Loiver  California  records.  From  herbarium  specimens  of  Cupressus 
guadelupensis  from  Guadeloupe  Island,  about  two  hundred  miles  off  the 
coast  of  Lower  California. 

Notes:  These  specimens  agree  entirely  with  typical  examples  except  that 
they  lack  the  chitinization  of  the  anterior  portion  of  the  body. 

While  the  specimens  here  recorded  are  not  from  the  mainland  of  Lower 
California  it  is  to  be  expected  that  the  species  will  be  found  in  the  northern 
portion  where  certain  species  of  Cupressus  are  native  in  the  San  Pedro  Martir 
Mountains. 

Genus  PSEUDOCOCCUS  Westw. 
Pseudococcus  eriogoni  (Ehrh.). 

1918.     Pseudococcus    eriogoni    (Ehrh.),    Ferris:    "California    Species    of    Mealy 
Bugs,"  Stanford  University  Publications,  p.  44. 

Previous  records.  From  Eriodictyon,  Eriogonum  and  other  hosts  in 
California. 

Lower  California  records.  From  leaves  of  Eriodictyon  sp.  at  Ense- 
nada. 

Pseudococcus  filamentosus  (Ckll.). 
Fig.  9. 

Previous  records.  A  widely  distributed  tropical  species,  occurring 
on  various  hosts. 

Lower  California,  records.  From  Lysiloma  sp.  ("palo  bianco")  at 
La  Paz ;  undetermined  mimosaceous  shrub  at  San  Antonio ;  Cercidium  sp. 
on  the  beach  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo. 

Habit.  The  specimens  from  Lysiloma  were  found  in  cracks  in  the 
bark,  while  those  from  the  other  hosts  were  exposed  upon  the  twigs.  In 
all  cases  the  insects  are  entirely  enveloped  in  fluffy  masses  of  sticky 
secretion. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (on  slide)  4  mm.  Derm  blue 
green.  Cerarii  present  only  on  the  last  6-7  abdominal  segments,  each  with 
two  cerarian  spines  and  no  auxiliary  setae,  except  for  two  or  three  in  the 
anal  lobe  cerarii,  and  with  no  grouped  pores.  Spines  stout,  conical, 
distinctly  constricted  at  the  base  and,  except  in  the  last  two  cerarii,  so 
widely  separated  that  their  identity  is  obscured.  Dorsal  body  spines  few, 
those  on  the  abdomen  arranged  in  a  single  transvere  row  on  each  seg- 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


83 


ment,  in  form  (Fig.  9A)  resembling  the  cerarian  spines,  variable  in  size, 
those  of  the  cephalic  region  noticeably  more  slender.  Anal  ring  large,  in 
some  examples  bearing  as  many  as  15  setae  of  various  lengths,  in  others 
but  the  normal  6  setae.  Tubular  ducts  abundant,  all  small  and  without  a 
raised  rim  about  the  mouth.  Antennae  (Fig.  9C)  noticeably  short,  6-7- 
segmented.  Legs  (Fig.  9D)  short  and  stout,  the  claw  without  a  tooth. 


Fig.  9.— Pseudococcus  filamentosus  (Ckll.)  :  A,  types  of  spines  from  specimen 
from  Hawaii ;  B,  types  of  spines  from  specimen  from  Lysiloma  in  Lower 
California;  C,  antenna;  D,  leg. 


Notes :  The  above  description  and  the  accompanying  figures  are  from 
examples  from  Lysiloma.  The  Lower  California  examples  differ  somewhat  from 
specimens  from  Hawaii  in  having  the  spines  stouter  and  more  distinctly  con- 
stricted at  the  base  (compare  Figs.  9 A  and  9B,  the  former  from  Hawaiian  ex- 
amples), but  there  appear  to  be  no  other  special  differences.  The  presence  of 
supplementary  setae  on  the  anal  ring  is  unusual  but  seems  to  be  extremely  vari- 
able. 

Pseudococcus  maritimus  Ehrh. 

1918.  Pseudococcus   maritimus    (Ehrh.),    Ferris:     "California     Species    of     Mealy 
Bugs,"  Stanford  University  Publications,  p.  48,  pi.  2,  fig.  13. 

Previous  records.  From  many  different  hosts  throughout  the  United 
States. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Tapirira  edulis  ("ciruela")  at 
Cabo  San  Lucas. 

Pseudococcus  salinus  (Ckll.). 
1918.    Pseudococcus  salinus  (Ckll.),  Ferris:  "California  Species  of  Mealy  Bugs," 

Stanford  University  Publications,  p.   52,  pi.   1,  fig.  5. 
Previous  records.     From  Distichlis  spicata  in  the  San  Francisco  Bay 
region  and  at  La  Jolla,  Calif. 


84  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

Lower  California  records.     From  Distichlis  spicata  at  La  Paz. 
Notes:    These  specimens  agree  quite  closely  with  typical   examples,   except 
that  the  anal  ring  is  perhaps  not  quite  so  far  behind  the  anal  lobe  cerarii. 

Pseudococcus  sequoiae  (Coleman). 

1918.  Pseudococcus  sequoiae    (Coleman),    Ferris:    "California    Species   of    Mealy 

Bugs,"  Stanford  University  Publications,  p.  53,  pi.   1,  fig.  3. 

Previous  records.  From  Sequoia  and  various  species  of  Cupressus 
in  California. 

Lower  California  records.     From  Cupressus  sp.  at  Ensenada. 

Pseudococcus  virgatus  (Ckll.).     . 

1919.  Pseudococcus  virgatus  Ckll.,  Ferris :  Journal  of  Economic  Entomology,  12 : 

297,  fig.  17. 

Previous  records.  A  widely  distributed  tropical  and  subtropical 
species. 

Lower  California  records.  From  aerial  rootlets  of  Ficus  palmeri  in 
the  canyon  below  San  Bartolo. 


Genus  TRIONYMUS  Berg. 
Trionymus  smithii  ( Essig) . 

1918.  Trionymus  smithii    (Essig),  Ferris:   "California   Species   of    Mealy   Bugs," 

Stanford  University   Publications,  p.  71,  pi.  3,  fig.  27. 

Previous  records.    From  various  species  of  Elymus  in  California. 
Lower  California  records.     From  Chaetochloa  caudata  at  San  Jose 
del  Cabo. 

Trionymus  sp. 

A  few  specimens  of  a  species  of  this  genus  were  taken  from  beneath 
the  bases  of  the  leaves  of  yucca  at  Triunfo.  These  closely  resemble 
examples  from  yucca  in  Arizona  and  it  is  possible  that  it  is  the  species 
originally  described  by  Cockerell  as  Dactylopius  olivaceous. 

Genus  PHENACOCCUS  Ckll. 
Phenacoccus  helianthi  Ckll. 

1919.  Phenacoccus  helianthi   (Ckll.),  Ferris:    "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of 

the  Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United   States,"   Stanford  University  Pub- 
lications, p.  22. 

Previous  records.     From  various  hosts  in  New  Mexico. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  85 

Lower  California  records.  From  Celosia  floribunda  ("bledo")  and 
Cassia  sp.  at  Todos  Santos,  and  Elaphrium  microphyllum  ("torote")  at 
Cabo  San  Lucas. 

Phenacoccus  franseriae  n.  sp. 

Fig.  10. 

Type  from  Franseria  sp.  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo.  Also  from  Hymenc- 
clea  monogyra  at  the  same  place  and  Encelia  palmeri  at  Todos  Santos. 

Habit.  Of  a  rather  greenish  color,  slightly  dusted  over  with  powdery 
secretion  and  with  very  short  marginal  tassels.  Ovisac  long  and  slender. 


Fig.  10. — Phenacoccus   franseriae    n.   sp. :    A,   anal   and   penultimate   cerarii ;     B, 
group   of   spines   from    dorsum   of   abdomen. 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  of  the  usual  elongate 
oval  form ;  length  (flattened  on  slide)  4-4.25  mm.  Eighteen  pairs  of 
cerarii  present,  these  for  the  most  part  with  but  two  cerarian  spines,  the 
anal  pair,  however  (Fig.  10A),  with  three  or  four  smaller  spines  and 
the  first  two  or  three  cephalic  pairs  with  three.  All  the  cerarii  without 
auxiliary  setae  and  with  few  pores.  Anal  lobes  without  chitinization 
either  dorsally  or  ventrally,  the  ventral  side  with  two  slender  setae. 
Dorsal  body  setae  few  and  very  small  except  for  a  median  group  of 
three  (Fig.  10B)  on  the  penultimate  and  antepenultimate  segments,  these 
as  large  as  the  cerarian  spines  and  accompanied  by  a  cluster  of  pores. 
Ventral  body  setae  quite  long  and  slender,  with  a  single  isolated  sub- 
marginal  seta  near  each  lateral  margin  of  each  abdominal  segment.  Derm 
of  the  dorsum  beset  with  numerous  small  trilocular  pores  and  an  occa- 
sional small  tubular  duct,  the  three  segments  preceding  the  last  each  with 
a  transverse  row  of  multilocular  pores  along  the  posterior  margin.  Venter 


86  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

with  numerous  trilocular  pores  and  small  tubular  ducts  and  with  many 
multilocular  pores  on  the  posterior  portion  of  the  abdomen.  Anal  ring 
setae  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  anal  lobe  setae.  Antennae  9-seg- 
mented. 

Notes :  This  species  is  one  of  a  group,  including  such  forms  as  P.  colemani 
and  P.  ceralliae,  which  are  extremely  difficult  to  separate.  It  differs  from  any 
similar  form  that  I  have  seen  in  the  presence  of  the  median  groups  of  spines  on 
the  dorsum  of  the  abdomen. 

Phenacoccus  sp. 

A  species  very  closely  resembling  the  preceding,  but  differing  in  not 
possessing  the  dorsal  group  of  spines,  was  taken  from  a  species  of  Phyl- 
lanthus  at  La  Laguna.  I  am  not  disposed  to  give  it  a  name. 

Genus  PUTO  Sign. 
Puto  yuccae  (Coq.). 

1918.    Puto  yuccae  (Coq.),  Ferris:  "California  Species  of  Mealy  Bugs,"  Stanford 
University   Publications,  p.   64. 

Previous  records.  A  widely  distributed  species  on  many  hosts 
throughout  southwestern  and  western  United  States. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Atriplex  sp.  at  La  Paz,  and  Antigo- 
num  ("flor  de  San  Miguel")  at  San  Antonio. 

Genus  ERIUM  Ckll. 

Erium  lichtensioides  (Ckll.). 

1918.    Erium  lichtensioides   (Ckll.),  Ferris:  "California  Species  of  Mealy  Bugs," 
Stanford  University   Publications,  p.  75,  pi.  3,  fig.  25. 

Previous  records.  Occurring  throughout  western  United  States  on 
species  of  Artemisia. 

Lower  California  records.     From  Artemisia  californica  at  Ensenada. 

Genus  TACHARDIA. 
Tachardia  sp. 

A  species  of  this  genus  was  found  in  some  abundance  on  Acacia 
ftexicaulis  ("palo  de  fierro")  at  La  Paz,  San  Pedro,  and  San  Bartolo.  The 
North  American  species  of  this  group  are  all  structurally  almost  identical, 
differing  only  in  the  form  and  color  of  the  secretions,  and  until  a  careful 
review  of  all  our  species  has  been  made  attempts  at  identification  are  not 
likely  to  be  very  successful. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


Genus  ACLERDA  Sign. 


87 


Aclerda  attenuata  n.  sp. 

Fig.  11. 

Type  from  Distichlis  spicata  on  the  beach  at  the  Eureka  ranch  near 
La  Rivera.  Also  from  bamboo  or  Arundo  at  the  same  place  and  at  Todos 
Santos. 

Habit.     Concealed  beneath  the  sheathing  bases  of  the  leaves. 


Fig.  11. — Aclerda  attenuata  n.  sp. :  A,  type  of  duct;  B,  posterior  portion  of  ab- 
domen, left  half  dorsal,  right  half  ventral ;  C,  anal  plate ;  D,  types  of 
marginal  spines. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  varying  greatly  in 
length  and  width,  the  largest  examples  attaining  a  length  of  7-9  mm.  In 
the  specimens  from  the  type  host  (the  stems  of  which  are  very  slender) 
the  body  of  the  insect  is  usually  much  attenuated,  while  in  those  from  the 
other  host  it  is  usually  relatively  much  broader,  although  it  is  always 
distinctly  elongate.  In  practically  all  of  the  specimens  examined,  the 
posterior  extremity  is  turned  to  one  side  as  in  Aclerda  distorta  Green. 

In  old  specimens  the  body  becomes  very  heavily  chitinized  except  the 
median  and  extreme  anterior  portions,  but  in  immature  examples  of  the 
last  instar  the  chitinization  is  confined  to  the  posterior  portion  of  the 
abdomen.  This  posterior  area  (Fig.  11B)  is  beset  both  dorsally  and  ven- 
trally  with  numerous  shallow  furrows.  Margin  of  the  body  with  a  narrow 
zone  of  small,  tubercle-like  spines,  some  of  which  (Fig.  11D)  are  almost 
spherical,  others  somewhat  elongate,  this  zone  extending  entirely  about 
the  margin  of  the  body  except  for  a  short  distance  on  each  side  of  the 


88 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


anal  cleft,  where  the  spines  are  replaced  by  short  setae.  The  spines  are 
accompanied  by  numerous  tubular  ducts  of  the  type  common  to  the  genus 
(Fig.  11  A),  which  are  also  quite  abundant  over  the  chitinized  posterior 
portion  of  the  abdomen,  and  within  this  zone  is  another  of  small,  cylin- 
drical ducts.  Anal  plate  (Fig.  11C)  entire,  tapering  and  sometimes  quite 
acute  at  the  apex  and  bearing  several  setae  as  indicated  in  the  figure. 
Anal  ring  cephalad  of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  plate.  Ventral  furrow 
almost  closed. 

Notes:  In  many  respects  this  species  most  closely  resembles  Aclerda 
distorta  Green,  but  in  the  latter  species  the  zone  of  tubercle-like  spines  is  con- 
tinuous to  the  margin  of  the  anal  cleft. 


Genus  PULVINARIA  Targ. 

Pulvinaria  peninsularis  n.  sp. 

Fig.  12. 

Type  from  undetermined  shrub  at  San  Bartolo.  Also  from  undeter- 
mined shrub  at  La  Paz,  Philibertia  tomentella  at  San  Jose  del  Cabp, 
Nesaea  salicifolia  between  Cabo  San  Lucas  and  Pescadero,  Karwinskia 
humboldtiana  at  Todos  Santos,  orange  at  San  Bartolo,  and  Celosia  flori- 
bunda  at  Miraflores. 


Fig.  12. — Pulvinaria  peninsularis  n.   sp. :    A,   antenna ;    B,   tarsus ;    C,   anal   plates ; 
D,  types  of  marginal  spines;  E,  spines  of  stigmatic  depression. 

Habit-  Adult  female  secreting  a  rather  loose  and  quite  slender  ovisac 
from  5-8  mm.  long,  the  insect  becoming  much  shriveled  at  maturity. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (on  slide)  2-3  mm.  Derm 
membranous  throughout.  Stigmatic  depressions  (Fig.  12E)  with  two 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  89 

short,  stout  spines  and  a  rather  slender  curved  spine  about  four  times' as 
long.  Marginal  spines  quite  numerous,  arranged  in  an  irregularly  single 
or  double  series,  of  various  shapes  and  sizes.  Some  (Fig.  12D)  are  quite 
short  and  stout,  flattened  and  frayed  at  the  tip,  others  are  longer,  more 
slender  and  little  or  not  at  all  frayed,  and  between  these  extremes  are 
various  intermediate  forms.  Anal  plates  (Fig.  12C)  of  normal  form, 
each  with  three  slender  dorsal  apical  setae  and  three  very  long  ventral 
subapical  setae  and  with  two  pairs  of  fringe  setae,  the  outer  long  and 
slender,  reaching  to  the  apex  of  the  plates,  the  inner  pair  much  shorter. 
Antennae  (Fig.  12A)  8-segmented.  Legs  with  the  tarsus  (Fig.  12B) 
broadly  joined  at  the  tibia. 

Notes :  This  species  most  closely  resembles  P.  psidii  Maskell  but  in  the 
latter  species  the  marginal  spines  are  practically  all  of  the  same  length  and  are 
broadly  flattened  and  much  frayed  at  the  tip.  • 

Genus  LICHTENSIA  Sign. 

Lichtensia  lycii  Ckll. 

1919.  Lichtensia  lycii  Ckll.,  Ferris :  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of  the 
Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United  States,"  Stanford  University  Publica- 
tions, p.  38,  fig.  17. 

Previous  records.     From  Lycium  in  New  Mexico. 
Lower  California  records.     From  Solanum  sp.  near  La  Rivera  and 
at  Todos  Santos  and  from  Lycium  sp.  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo. 

Notes :  These  specimens  differ  from  New  Mexican  examples  in  their  some- 
what smaller  size  and  in  lacking  the  glazed  appearance  of  the  ovisac;  .structurally 
they  appear  to  be  identical. 

Genus  CEROPLASTES  Gray. 

Ceroplastes  cirripediformis  Comst. 

Previous  records.  From  southern  United  States,  Mexico  and  West 
Indies,  on  various  hosts. 

Lower  California  records.  From  undetermined  ornamental  vine  at 
La  Paz. 

Notes:  I  have  not  seen  authentic  specimens  of  cirripediformis  but  these 
examples  agree  quite  closely  with  the  various  descriptions  and  figures  of  that 
species. 

Ceroplastes  irregularis  Ckll. 

Previous  records.  From  various  species  of  Atriplex  throughout 
southwestern  United  States. 

Lower  California  records.     From  Atriplex  sp.  at  La  Paz. 

Notes:  These  specimens  agree  structurally  with  typical  examples  of  the 
species  but  have  the  secretionary  covering  very  thin  and  dark  brown  with  black 
apical  markings. 


90 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


Genus  SAISSETIA  Dep. 

Saissetia  oleae  (Bern.). 

Previous  records.  A  widely  distributed  tropical  and  subtropical 
species. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Ficus  palmeri  at  San  Bartolo, 
oleander  at  Miraflores,  Tapirira  edulis  ("ciruela")  at  Todos  Santos,  and 
undetermined  vine  at  La  Paz. 

Saissetia  nigra  (Nietn.). 

Previous  records.  A  widely  distributed  tropical  and  subtropical 
species. 

Lower  California  records-  From  undetermined  species  of  Ficus  at 
La  Paz. 

Genus  TOUMEYELLA  Ckll. 

Toumeyella  cerifera  n.  sp. 

Fig.  13. 

Type  from  Albizzia  occidentals  ("palo  escopeta")  at  Agua  Caliente. 

Habit.  Found  in  deep  cracks  beneath  loose  bark  under  shelters  built 
by  an  ant  of  the  genus  Crematogaster.  Adult  female  secreting  a  distinct 
ovisac,  high  convex,  broadly  oval,  length  as  much  as  5  mm.,  height  3  mm. 


Fig.  13. — Toumeyella  cerifera  n.  sp. :  A,  anal  plates;  B,  antenna;  C,  type  of  dor- 
sal pore;   E,   spines  and  pores   of  stigmatic   depression;   D,   leg. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  91 

Morphological  characteristics.  Derm  membranous  throughout.  An- 
tennae (Fig.  13B)  very  short  and  stout,  apparently  5-segmented,  but  the 
segmentation  very  obscure.  Legs  (Fig.  13D)  likewise  very  short  and 
stout.  Marginal  spines  very  few,  small  and  slender.  Stigmatic  depres- 
sions (Fig.  13E)  each  with  three  short,  stout  spines  of  practically  equal 
length  and  connected  with  the  corresponding  spiracles  by  a  broad  zone  of 
pores.  Anal  plates  (Fig.  13A)  large,  the  cephalo-lateral  margin  much 
longer  than  the  caudo-lateral  margin.  Each  plate  with  four  or  five  apical 
and  subapical  dorsal  setae  and  with  five  ventral  subapical  setae.  On  each 
side  there  is  a  single  stout  fringe  seta  and  there  are  several  hypopygial 
setae.  On  the  dorsum  anterior  to* the  anal  plates  are  numerous  pores  of 
the  type  indicated  in  Fig.  13C. 

Notes :  In  spite  of  the  development  of  an  ovisac  this  species  is  a  Towney- 
ella. 

Toumeyella  mirabilis  Ckll. 

1919.  Toumeyella  mirabilis  Ckll.,  Ferris:  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of  the 
Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United  States,"  Stanford  University  Publica- 
tions, p.  44,  fig.  21. 

Previous  records.     From  Prosopis  in  Arizona  and  Mexico. 
Lower  California  records.     From  Prosopis  sp.  at  La  Paz. 
Notes :     The   Lower   California   examples   differ   from   typical   specimens   in 
having  the  dorsal  white  markings  much  larger,  in  some  the  white  being  so  ex- 
tensive that  the  insect  is  really  white  with  black  markings. 

Genus  PROTODIASPIS  Ckll. 

Protodiaspis  lagunae  n.  sp. 
Figs.  14,  15. 

Type  from  Quercus  brandegeei  at  Triunfo.  Also  from  the  same  host 
at  Santiago  and  La  Laguna. 

Habit.  Occurring  in  crevices  of  the  bark.  Scale  of  female  more  or 
less  circular,  less  than  1  mm.  in  diameter,  variable  in  size  and  form  in 
conformity  with  its  environment,  quite  high  convex,  normally  well 
formed,  but  in  certain  cases  where  the  insect  is  deeply  buried  in  a  crack 
the  scale  is  composed  merely  of  loose  threads.  Scale  of  male  elongate, 
white,  non-carinate,  with  the  exuvium  at  one  end. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  .5-.6  mm.  long,  form 
rather  broadly  oval;  derm  membranous  throughout  except  for  a  slight 
chitinization  of  the  pygidium  and  sometimes  of  the  anterior  portion  of 
the  body.  Pygidium  (Fig.  14)  with  two  pairs  of  weakly  chitinized  lobes 
which  are  frequently  very  obscure ;  with  a  few  very  minute  and  scattered 
dorsal  ducts  and  with  the  circumgenital  pores  present  in  five  groups 


92 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


which  in  some  specimens  are  nearly  confluent,  each  group  with  about  six 
pores.  Anal  opening  close  to  the  anterior  end  of  the  pygidium,  sur- 
rounded by  some  chitinization  but  not  by  a  heavy  ring  as  in  P.  parvula. 


Fig.   14. — Protodiaspis  lagunae  n.  sp. :   pygidium. 


Fig.  15. — Protodiaspis  lagunae  n.   sp. :   A,  adult  male;   B,  pygidium   of  larva;  C, 
antenna  of  larva;   D,   antenna  of   male. 

Margin  of  the  body  anterior  to  the  pygidium  with  a  continuous  single  or 
double  row  of  small  gland  spines. 

Second  stage  (from  exuvium)  closely  resembling  the  adult,  but  with 
very  few  dorsal  ducts.  The  exuvium  is  shed  in  the  normal  manner  by  the 
pushing  back  of  the  ventral  skin  and  does  not  at  all  enclose  the  adult. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


93 


First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  15C)  5  or  obscurely  6-segmented, 
the  terminal  segment  short  and  not  annulate.  Apex  of  the  abdomen 
(Fig.  15B)  with  the  usual  pair  of  long  setae,  with  a  pair  of  very  small 
lobes  which  lie  on  the  ventral  side  and  do  not  reach  beyond  the  margin 
and  with  a  pair  of  large  tubular,  dorsal  ducts. 

Adult  male  (Fig.  ISA)  apterous,  otherwise  of  the  ordinary  Diaspine 
type,  the  body  terminating  in  a  long  style,  the  head  with  a  dorsal  and  a 
ventral  pair  of  ocelli,  the  body  entirely  hairless,  the  attennae  (Fig.  15D) 
9-segmented,  very  slightly  clavate. 

Notes:  This  differs  from  P.  lobata  Ferris  and  P.  parvula  Ckll.  in  the 
presence  of  the  circumgenital  pores  and  from  P.  agrifoliae  Essig.  in  the  pres- 
ence of  well  developed  lobes. 

Genus  ANCEPASPIS  Ferris. 

Ancepaspis  novemdentata  n.  sp. 

Fig.  16. 
1920.    Ancepaspis  sp.,  Ferris:   Can.  Ent.,  52:32. 

Type  from  Lysiloma  sp.  ("palo  bianco")  at  La  Paz. 


Fig.  Id.— Ancepaspis  novemdentata  n.  sp. :  A,  pygidium  of  adult  female;  B,  py- 
gidium  of  second  stage;  C,  antenna  of  male;  D,  adult  female  removed  from 
exuvium  of  second  stage. 


94  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

Habit.  Occurring  in  cracks  in  the  bark  and  about  the  buds.  There 
is  no  scale,  but  a  small  amount  of  wax  is  secreted.  The  adult  female  is 
inclosed  within  the  black,  heavily  chitinized  second  exuvium  of  the  second 
stage.  The  male  is  inclosed  within  the  hardened  exuvium  of  the  first 
stage,  from  the  posterior  extremity  of  which  arises  a  very  short  secre- 
tionary  scale. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female,  when  removed  from 
the  enclosing  second  exuvium,  about  .5  mm.  long,  irregularly  oval  in 
form  (Fig.  16D),  membranous  throughout  except  for  the  heavily  chiti- 
nized pygidium.  Pygidium  (Fig.  16A)  terminating  in  nine  quite  long  and 
slender  lobes,  the  central  one  of  which  is  somewhat  the  longest,  the  others 
successively  slightly  shorter.  Anal  opening  near  the  anterior  margin  of 
the  pygidium.  Pores  and  ducts  entirely  lacking. 

Second  stage  with  the  pygidium  (Fig.  16B)  without  lobes,  slightly 
acute  at  the  apex. 

First  stage  larva  with  the  antennae  short,  6-segmented,  the  terminal 
segment  not  elongate  and  not  annulate ;  the  pygidium  without  lobes  or 
gland  spines. 

Adult  male  apterous  but  otherwise  of  the  usual  Diaspine  type;  the 
ocelli  in  a  dorsal  and  ventral  pair ;  the  body  terminating  in  a  slender 
style,  entirely  hairless;  antennae  (Fig.  16C)  8-segmented,  rather  short 
and  strongly  clavate. 

Notes:  In  my  original  description  of  the  genus  Ancepaspis,  I  stated  that 
the  male  of  this  species  had  no  secretionary  scale,  which  is  erroneous  as  there  is 
a  very  small  but  still  distinct  amount  of  secretion.  This  species  is  probably  most 
closely  related  to  A.  tridentata  (Ferris). 

• 
Ancepaspis  tridentata  (Ferris). 

1919.  Protodiaspis  tridentata,  Ferris :     "Contribution   to   the   Knowledge   of   the 

Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United   States,"   Stanford   University   Publica- 
'tions,  p.  46,  fig.  22. 

1920.  Ancepaspis  tridentata    (Ferris),   Ferris:   Can.  Ent.,  52:32. 
Previous  records.     From  Prosopis  velutina,  Arizona. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Prosopis  sp.  at  La  Paz  and  several 
other  points.  It  is  very  abundant  in  the  area  visited. 

Genus  XEROPHILASPIS  Ckll. 
Xerophilaspis  prosopidis  (Ckll.). 

1919.  Xerophilaspis  prosopidis  (Ckll.),  Ferris:  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge 
of  the  Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United  States,"  Stanford  University 
Publications,  p.  58,  fig.  31. 

Previous  records.     From  Prosopis  in  Arizona  and  California. 
Lower  California  records.     From  Prosopis  at  La  Paz. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  95 

Genus  DIASPIS  Costa. 
"Diaspis"  arizonica  Ckll. 

1919.  "Diaspis"  arizonica  Ckll.,  Ferris:  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of  the 
Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United  States,"  Stanford  University  Publica- 
tions, p.  49,  fig.  24. 

Previous  records.     From  Prosopis  velutina,  Arizona. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Acacia  flexicaulis  ("palo  de  fierro") 
and  Lysiloma  sp.  ("palo  bianco")  at  La  Paz  and  an  undetermined  mimo 
saceous  shrub  at  Triunfo. 

Diaspis  echinocacti  (Bouche). 

Previous  records.  A  native  of  the  western  hemisphere,  but  widely 
distributed  in  company  with  its  hosts,  the  various  species  of  cacti. 

Lower  California  records.  On  Pereskiopsis  brandegeei  ("alcajer") 
at  Agua  Caliente. 

Diaspis  simmondsiae  n.  sp. 
Fig.  17. 

Type  from  Simmondsia  calif ornica  at  La  Paz.  Also  from  the  same 
host  at  La  Rivera  and  Todos  Santos. 

Habit.  Scale  of  the  female  of  the  type  common  to  the  genus,  about 
2  mm.  in  diameter.  Scale  of  the  male  likewise  of  the  type  common  to 
the  genus  but  noncarinate;  frequently  the  males  occur  massed  in  great 
numbers  about  a  female,  and  in  these  cases  the  identity  of  the  individual 
scales  may  be  entirely  lost,  the  whole  group  appearing  as  a  mass  of 
fluffy  secretion. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  1.25  mm.  long,  of  the 
normal  turbinate  form,  with  the  lateral  margins  of  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments projecting  but  little;  membranous  except  for  the  pygidium. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  17A)  relatively  large,  with  the  median  lobes  (Fig. 
17B)  set  in  a  depression,  diverging  sharply  and  with  their  margins 
minutely  serrate.  Second  pair  of  lobes  small,  but  quite  prominent, 
obscurely  bilobed.  Third  pair  of  lobes  very  small  and  low.  Beyond  the 
third  lobes  are  numerous  small  gland  spines  arranged  singly.  Tubular 
ducts  very  numerous  and  very  small,  scattered.  Marginal  ducts  some- 
what larger  than  those  of  the  dorsum,  arranged  as  indicated  in  the  figure. 
Anal  opening  well  toward  the  posterior  margin.  Ventral  side  apparently 
without  tubular  ducts.  Circumgenital  pores  in  five  groups  with  6-12 
pores  in  each.  Margins  of  abdominal  segments  with  many  small  ducts, 


96 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


but  only  the  last  segment  anterior  to  the  pygidium  with  gland  spines. 
Dorsum  with  submedian  groups  of  ducts. 


Fig.  17. — Diaspis  simmondsiae  n.  sp. :   A,  pygidium;   B,  margin  of   pygidium;   C, 

antenna  of  first   stage. 

• 

Second  stage  closely  resembling  the  adult,  but  with  very  few  ducts. 
First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  17C)  6-segmented,  the  terminal 
segment  not  annulate  but  slightly  elongate.     Pygidium  without  lobes. 

Notes :     This    species    is    one    of  a  group  to  which  belong  such   forms  as 
Diaspis  texensis  Ckll.,  D.  manzanitae   (Whit.),  and  D.  toumeyi  Ckll. 


Genus  PSEUDODIASPIS  Ckll. 

1897.  Cockerell :  Bulletin  6,  t.  s.,  Division  of  Entomology,  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, p.  21. 

1919.  Ferris:  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of  the  Coccidae  of  Southwestern 
United  States,"  Stanford  University  Publications,  p.  52. 

Considering  only  the  type  species  and  one  other  (P.  elaphrii  n.  sp.) 
which  I  believe  to  be  strictly  congeneric,  I  should  define  this  genus  as 
follows : 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  97 

Diaspine  Coccidae  referable  by  the  character  of  the  tubular  ducts  to 
the  Diaspis  series ;  with  more  or  less  conspicuous  paraphyses  at  the  bases 
of  the  lobes,  the  lateral  lobes  not  bilobed;  with  the  dorsal  ducts  few,  not 
arranged  in  definite  transverse  rows ;  with  the  microducts  very  long  and 
slender ;  with  the  circumgenital  pores  present  or  absent ;  gland  spines 
few  or  lacking;  the  scale  of  the  female  more  or  less  circular  with  the 
exuviae  subcentral,  exuviation  occurring  by  the  pushing  back  of  the  ven- 
tral derm;  scale  of  the  male  somewhat  elongate,  with  the  exuvium  at  one 
end,  the  texture  as  in  the  female. 

This  definition,  however,  will  exclude  certain  species  now  referred  to 
the  genus  and  for  which  there  appears  to  be  no  other  available.  There- 
fore, rather  than  name  a  new  genus  in  a  group  where  practically  none  of 
the  existing  genera  are  at  all  definitely  limited,  I  prefer  to  extend  the 
definition  of  the  genus  to  include  these  and  certain  other  forms.  Upon 
this  basis  I  understand  the  genus  to  include  certain  forms  belonging  to 
the  Diaspis  series,  in  which  the  scale  of  the  female  is  circular  and  that 
of  the  male  somewhat  elongate  but  resembling  that  of  the  female  in 
texture ;  the  circumgenital  pores  either  lacking  or  if  present  the  pygidium 
with  paraphyses;  the  gland  spines  few  or  lacking;  the  dorsal  ducts  for 
the  most  part  few,  although  at  times  abundant,  but  never  arranged  in 
sharply  marked  transverse  rows,  the  lobes  never  bilobed ;  the  microducts 
usually  very  long. 

As  thus  understood,  the  genus  (including  certain  species  here  de- 
scribed as  new)  contains  ten  species  all  of  which  are  natives  of  south- 
western United  States  and  Mexico.  It  is  in  all  probability  a  highly 
artificial  group,  but  withal  less  so  than  the  majority  of  the  so-called 
genera  of  the  Diaspinae. 

Pseudodiaspis  larreae  (Ckll.). 

Figs.  18,  19 

1897.    Aspidiotus    (Pseudodiaspis)    larreae    Ckll.,    Bulletin    6,    t.    s.,    Division    of 
Entomology,  Department  of  Agriculture,  p.  21. 

Type  from  Covillea  glutinosa  (=  Larrea  tridentata),  Yuma,  Ariz. 

Habit.  "...  Scale  about  2  mm.  diameter,  flat,  irregular,  round 
to  suboval,  dull  white  with  a  slightly  creamy  tint ;  exuviae  not  visible  in 
the  mature  scale,  but  in  younger  scales  the  elongate-oval,  pale  straw- 
colored  first  skin  is  exposed,  sublateral  or  even  quite  lateral.  .  .  . 
Male  scale  small,  elongate,  mytiliform,  white,  with  the  elongate  first 
skin  projecting  at  the  small  end  like  a  Mytilaspis.  .  .  ." 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  18)  about  2  mm. 
long,  of  the  usual  turbinate  form,  the  cephalothorax  quite  heavily  chitin- 


98  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

ized  and  occupying  the  greater  part  of  the  body.  Margins  of  the  abdom- 
inal segments  with  small  ducts  but  without  gland  spines.  Dorsum  of  the 
abdomen  with  a  few  small  ducts,  the  arrangement  of  which  is  not  deter- 
minable  in  the  specimens  at  hand. 


Fig.  IS.—Pseudodiaspis    larreae    Ckll.:    adult    female. 


Fig  19. — Pseudodiaspis  larreae   Ckll.:   pygidium. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


99 


Pygidium  (Fig.  19)  quite  large,  with  the  median  lobes  alone  devel- 
oped, these  broad,  low,  rounded  at  the  apex  and  close  together.  A  short, 
club-like  paraphysis  extends  into  the  pygidium  from  the  base  of  each  lobe. 
Beyond  the  first  lobes  is  a  gland  pore  followed  by  a  slender  paraphysis,  a 
small  spine,  a  small  gland  spine,  two  gland  pores,  a  spine,  a  gland  spine, 
two  deep  and  quite  widely  separated  notches  with  a  pore  at  the  base,  a 
spine,  a  gland  spine  and  another  slight  notch  with  a  pore.  The  inner 
extremity  of  the  paraphyses  is  heavily  chitinized,  presenting  a  lunate 
form.  Marginal  tubular  ducts  quite  large,  their  pores  without  a  chitin- 
ized rim.  Dorsal  ducts  very  few,  smaller  than  those  of  the  margin.  On 
each  side  there  are  three  or  four  long,  slender  microducts.  Ana^  opening 
very  small,  close  to  the  apex  of  the  pygidium.  Ventral  side  apparently 
without  ducts  or  pores. 

Notes :  The  above  description  is  based  upon  a  single  specimen  from  the 
type  lot,  received  through  the  kindness  of  Professor  Cockerell.  The  species  has 
not  been  recorded  from  Lower  California  but  it  undoubtedly  occurs  on  the  penin- 
sula and  I  take  this  opportunity  of  redescribing  it.  The  available  specimen  is 
in  very  poor  condition  for  study  and  it  is  possible  that  the  examination  of  more 
material  will  require  some  modifications  in  the  description. 

Pseudodiaspis  elaphrii  n.  sp. 

Figs.  20,  21. 

Type  from  Elaphrium  microphyllum  ("torote")  at  Cabo  San  Lucas. 

Habit.     Found  on  the  bark  of  the  host.    Scale  of  the  female  about 

2  mm.  in  diameter,  circular,  flat,  gray,  with  the  exuviae  central  and  entirely 

covered  by  secretion ;  ventral  scale  lacking.    Scale  of  male  not  observed. 


Fig.  20. — Pseudodiaspis  elaphrii  n.  sp. :  pygidium. 


100 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  21  A)  about  1  mm. 
long,  somewhat  elongate,  the  cephalothorax  expanded  and  somewhat 
wider  than  the  abdomen,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  constriction. 
Anterior  portion  of  the  cephalothorax  tending  to  be  quite  heavily  chitinized 
at  maturity,  the  remainder  of  the  body,  except  for  the  pygidium,  mem- 
branous. Dorsum  with  pores  only  at  the  margins  of  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments. 


Fig.  21. — Pseudodiaspis  elaphrii  n.  sp. :  A,  adult  female;  B,  pygidium  of  first  stage; 
C,  extremity  of  microduct ;  D,  duct ;  E,  antenna  of  first  stage. 

Pygidium  (Fig,  20)  relatively  large,  with  two  pairs  of  rather  small 
lobes.  Median  lobes  slightly  separated,  acute  at  the  apex,  with  a  deep 
lateral  notch  and  continuous  with  a  conspicuous,  club-shaped  paraphysis. 
Between  the  median  and  second  lobes  is  a  small  pore  prominence.  Second 
lobes  resembling  the  first  in  form  but  slightly  smaller,  likewise  continuous 
with  a  club-shaped  paraphysis,  the  paraphyses  of  both  pairs  having  their 
inner  extremity  heavily  chitinized  and  of  lunate  form.  Beyond  the  second 
lobes  is  a  spine  followed  by  a  gland  spine,  two  pores,  a  spine,  a  gland  spine, 
two  pores  and  two  widely  separated  spines.  Marginal  ducts  large,  their 
pores  surrounded  by  chitinous  rims ;  dorsal  ducts  much  smaller  than  those 
of  the  margin,  very  few.  All  the  ducts  presenting  a  transversely  striate 
appearance  (Fig.  21D).  On  each  side  there  are  three  or  four  pairs  of 
long,  slender  microducts  with  the  apex  of  the  form  shown  in  Fig.  2 1C. 
Anal  opening  very  small,  close  to  apex.  Ventral  side  with  a  few  very 
minute  ducts.  Circumgenital  pores  present  in  four  groups,  each  with 
about  10  pores. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  101 

Second  stage  with  pygidium  as  in  the  adult  except  for  the  almost 
entire  absence  of  dorsal  ducts. 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  21 E)  5-segmented,  the  terminal 
segment  somewhat  elongate  and  slightly  annulate;  pygidium  (Fig.  21B) 
with  a  single  pair  of  rather  large  lobes  and  with  several  small  gland  spines. 

Notes:  In  spite  of  the  presence  oii  circumgenital  pores  I  regard  this  species 
as  strictly  congeneric  with  P.  larreae. 

Pseudodiaspis  multipora  Ferris. 
1919.    Pseudodiaspis  multipora  Ferris,  Ent.  News,  30:275. 

Previous  records.  From  Phoradendron  ftavescens  on  oak  in  south- 
ern California. 

Lower  California  records.  Abundant  on  mistletoe  on  Cercidium 
throughout  the  area  visited. 

Notes :  In  the  original  description  (which  was  based  upon  but  two  speci- 
mens) it  was  stated  that  the  derm  was  membranous  throughout.  The  examination 
of  more  material  shows  that  the  cephalothorax  tends  to  become  quite  heavily 
chitinized  at  maturity. 

Pseudodiaspis  yuccae  (Ckll.). 

1919.  Pseudodiaspis  parkinsoniae    (Ckll.),   Ferris:   "Contribution   to   the   Knowl- 

edge of  the  Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United  States,"  p.  56,  fig.  30. 

1920.  Pseudodiaspis  yuccae    (Ckll.),  Ferris:   Can.  Ent.,  52:64. 

Previous  records.  From  Yucca,  Celtis,  Acacia,  and  Cercidium 
(=  Parkinsonia)  in  southwestern  United  States. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Cercidium  sp.  at  San  Antonio, 
Celosia  floribunda  ("bledo")  at  San  Bartolo  and  Miraflores,  and  Sim- 
mondsia  calif ornica  at  La  Rivera. 

Pseudodiaspis  ruelliae  n.  sp. 
Fig.  22. 

Type  from  Ruellia  sp.  ("rama  prieta")  at  Cabo  San  Lucas.  Also 
from  the  same  host  at  Todos  Santos. 

Habit.  Occurring  on  the  leaves  associated  with  a  curling  that  is 
probably  due  to  the  presence  of  the  insect.  Scale  of  the  female  circular, 
about  .75  mm.  in  diameter,  slightly  convex  and  of  a  distinctly  yellowish 
color ;  exuviae  subcentral,  the  first  naked,  the  second  covered  with  secre- 
tion; ventral  scale  quite  thick.  Scale  of  male  white,  elongate  with  an 
obscure  median  carina  and  with  the  exuvium  at  one  end.  Frequently 
many  males  are  to  be  found  massed  about  a  female,  and  in  this  case  many 
long,  curling  threads  of  wax  arise  from  the  mass. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  1  mm.  long,  of  the 
usual  turbinate  form,  the  thorax  not  separated  from  the  abdomen  by  a 


102 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


constriction,  the  abdominal  segments  projecting  but  little  at  the  margins. 
Cephalothorax  quite  heavily  chitinized  cephalad  of  the  mouthparts.  Mar- 
gins of  the  abdominal  segments  with  at  the  most  a  few  very  minute  gland 
spines  and  with  numerous  small  ducts.  Dorsum  with  a  submedian  group 
of  small  ducts  on  each  side  of  each  abdominal  segment. 


Fig.  22. — Pseudosiaspis  ruelliae  n.   sp. :   pygidium   of   adult  and   antenna  of   first 

stage. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  22)  rather  acute  at  the  apex.  Median  lobes  quite 
large,  prominent,  straight  and  with  their  apices  nearly  truncate.  Second 
and  third  pairs  consisting  merely  of  an  acute  prominence.  Between  the 
second  and  third  lobes  are  two  small  gland  spines  and  beyond  the  third 
lobes  a  series  of  such  spines  arranged  singly.  Dorsal  ducts  rather  few, 
somewhat  smaller  than  those  of  the  margin,  the  arrangement  as  indicated 
in  the  figure.  Microducts  very  minute  and  short..  Anal  opening  moder- 
ately large,  about  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the  pygidium  from  its  apex. 
Ventral  side  apparently  without  tubular  ducts.  Circumgenital  pores 
lacking. 

Second  stage  with  the  pygidium  very  closely  resembling  that  of 
the  adult,  differing  only  in  having  very  few  ducts. 

First  stage  larva  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  22)  6-segmented,  the 
terminal  segment  neither  elongate  nor  annulate.  Pygidium  with  a 
single  pair  of  very  small  lobes. 

Notes :     I  know  of  no  species  that  this  closely  resembles. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


103 


Pseudodiaspis  magna  n.  sp. 

Figs.  23,  24,  25,  26B. 

Type  from  an  undetermined  shrub  on  the  beach  at  La  Paz. 

Habit.  Occurring  on  the  stem  and  twigs  of  the  host.  Scale  of 
the  female  3.5-4  mm.  in  diameter,  nearly  circular,  flat,  white  or  gray 
and  of  very  firm  texture;  exuviae  submarginal,  the  first  naked,  the 
second  normally  covered  with  secretion.  Scale  of  male  resembling 
that  of  the  female  in  color  and  texture,  slightly  elongate  with  the 
exuvium  at  one  end. 


Fig.  23. — Pseudodiaspis  magna  n.  sp. :  A,  adult  female ;  B,  pygidium  of  first  stage ; 
C,  extremity  of  microduct;   D,  antenna  of  first  stage. 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  23 A)  2.5  mm. 
long,  form  somewhat  elongate,  the  cephalothorax  not  separated  from 
the  abdomen  by  a  constriction.  Derm  at  maturity  everywhere  heavily 
chitinized.  Abdominal  segments  with  at  the  most  a  single  gland  spine, 
but  with  many  small  ducts  at  each  lateral  margin  and  with  submedian 
groups  of  ducts  on  the  dorsum. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  24)  large  and  heavily  chitinized,  with  two  pairs 
of  lobes  which,  relatively  to  the  rest  of  the  pygidium,  are  very  small. 
Median  pair  (Fig.  26B)  rather  widely  separated,  their  mesal  margins 
diverging  somewhat,  the  apex  deeply  notched.  Second  pair  much 
smaller  than  the  first,  tooth-like.  Between  the  first  and  second  pairs  is 


104 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


a  small  gland  prominence,  beyond  the  second  pair  a  large  spine,  followed 
by  a  large  gland  spine,  a  prominence  that  perhaps  represents  the  third 
lobe,  a  spine,  a  large  gland  spine,  and  at  wide  intervals  two  more  spines 
followed  by  a  single  gland  spine.  The  lobes  and  the  margin,  including 
the  mouths  of  the  submarginal  pores,  are  very  heavily  chitinized.  Mar- 
ginal ducts  quite  short  and  stout,  somewhat  larger  than  those  of  the 


Fig.  24. — Pseudodiaspis  magna  n.  sp. :  pygidium  of  adult. 


dorsum  which  are  numerous  and  arranged  in  irregular  rows  as  indi- 
cated in  the  figure.  •  Microducts,  opening  at  the  apices  of  the  gland 
spines,  numerous,  long  and  slender,  the  apices  of  the  ducts  of  the  type 
indicated  in  Fig.  2 1C.  Anal  opening  small,  placed  well  toward  the  apex 
of  the  pygidium.  Ventral  side  apparently  without  tubular  ducts.  Cir- 
cumgenital  pores  lacking. 

Second  stage  with  the  pygidium  (Fig.  25)  with  the  lobes  as  in  the 
adult  but  with  practically  no  dorsal  ducts. 

First  stage,  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  23D)  6-segmented,  the  terminal 
segment  neither  elongate  nor  annulate,  the  third  segment  noticeably 
long;  pygidium  (Fig.  23B)  with  a  pair  of  large,  toothed  lobes  and  be- 
tween these  a  pair  of  very  small  simple  lobes. 

Notes:  This  species  is  evidently  quite  close  to  P.  dentilobis  Ckll.,  the 
description  of  which  follows,  but  it  is  apparently  distinct.  The  two  species  differ 
chiefly  in  the  form  of  the  lobes  (compare  Fig.  26B  and  26C)  the  lobes  in  denti- 
lobis being  distinctly  truncate  while  in  magna  they  are  acute.  Also  the  marginal 
ducts  of  dentilobis  are  noticeably  longer  and  more  slender. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


105 


Fig.  25. — Pseudodiaspis  niagna  n.  sp. :  pygidium  of  second  stage. 


Fig.  26. — Margin  of  pygidium   of :   A,  Pseudodiaspis  prosopidis  n.   sp. :    B,  Pseu- 
dodiaspis magna  n.  sp. :  C,  Pseudodiaspis  dentilobis  Ckll. 


106  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

Pseudodiaspis  dentilobis  Ckll. 
Fig.  26C. 

1898.    Aspidiotus    (Pseudodiaspis)    dentilobis   Ckll.,    Ann.  Mag.   Nat.   Hist.,    (7) 
1 :438. 

Type  from  undetermined  host  and  from  Acacia  and  Mimosa  at 
Cuatla,  Mexico. 

Habit.  Scale  of  the  female  about  2  mm.  in  greatest  diameter, 
slightly  oval,  moderately  convex,  gray  or  blackish ;  exuviae  submarginal, 
the  first  bare,  the  second  normally  covered  with  secretion.  Scale  of 
male  resembling  that  of  the  female  in  color  and  texture  but  distinctly 
elongate  with  the  exuvium  at  one  end. 

Morphological  characteristics.  This  species  is  very  similar  to  P. 
magna  described  above.  The  form  of  the  body  and  the  general  char- 
acters of  the  pygidium  are  practically  identical  but  there  is  a  distinct 
difference  in  the  shape  of  the  lobes,  those  of  dentilobis  (Fig.  26C)  hav- 
ing the  lateral  margins  parallel  and  the  tips  distinctly  truncate.  Also 
the  ducts  of  dentilobis  are  much  more  slender  than  in  magna.  The  first 
stage  is  identical  with  that  of  magna. 

Notes:  This  species  has  not  been  taken  in  Lower  California  but  I  am  in- 
cluding it  because  of  its  close  relationship  with  P.  magna  and  in  order  to  make 
the  discussion  of  this  genus  more  complete.  The  above  notes,  and  the  accompany- 
ing figure  are  based  upon  specimens  labeled  as  from  "Mimosa,  Cuatla,  Mexico," 
received  from  O.  E.  Bremner,  and  probably  to  be  regarded  as  type  material. 

Pseudodiaspis  prosopidis  n.  sp. 
Figs.  26A,  27,  28. 

Type  from  Prosopis  sp.  at  La  Paz.  Also  taken  from  the  same  host 
at  other  places  in  the  area  visited. 

Habit.  Scale  of  the  female  2.5-3  mm.  in  diameter,  circular,  flat, 
white,  thick  and  firm;  exuviae  submarginal  covered  with  secretion; 
ventral  scale  developed  only  about  the  margin  but  quite  thick.  Scale 
of  male  elongate,  with  exuvium  at  one  end,  in  color  resembling  that  of 
the  female. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  27A)  about  2 
mm.  long ;  general  form  somewhat  elongate  oval ;  derm  at  maturity 
heavily  chitinized.  Lateral  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  pro- 
jecting but  little,  with  numerous  pores  but  with  no  gland  spines.  Dorsunr 
of  the  abdomen  with  numerous  small  ducts  along  the  posterior  margins 
of  the  segments  except  for  a  rather  wide  median  area. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  28)  with  two  pairs  of  prominent  lobes  with  nearly 
parallel  sides  and  with  their  apices  somewhat  sloping;  each  lobe  con- 
tinuous at  its  base  with  a  club-shaped  paraphysis.  Beyond  the  second 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


107 


lobe  (Fig.  26A)  is  a  large  spine,  followed  by  a  large  gland  spine,  and 
at  wide  intervals  another  spine,  a  gland  spine,  a  spine  and  a  cluster  of 
three  or  four  gland  spines  of  which  one  is  much  larger  than  the  others. 
Tubular  ducts  rather  small  and  slender,  the  submarginal  ducts  very 
numerous  and  not  larger  than  the  dorsal  ducts,  the  latter  rather  few  and 


Fig.  27. — Pseudodiaspis  prosopidis  n.  sp. :  A,  adult  female;   B,  pygidium  of  first 
stage;  C,  antenna  of  first  stage. 


Fig.  28.— Pseudodiaspis  prosopidis  n.  sp.:  pygidium  of  adult. 


108  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

arranged  in  fairly  definite  rows  as  indicated  in  the  figure.  Microducts, 
opening  at  the  apices  of  the  gland  spines,  abundant,  long  and  slender. 
Anal  opening  very  small,  quite  close  to  the  apex  of  the  pygidium.  Ven- 
tral side  apparently  without  tubular  ducts.  Circumgenital  pores  lacking. 

Satisfactory  preparations  of  the  second  stage  not  seen. 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  27C)  rather  slender,  the  terminal 
segment  neither  elongate  nor  annulate,  the  third  segment  rather  long. 
Pygidium  (Fig.  27B)  with  a  single  pair  of  large,  prominent,  rounded 
lobes. 

Notes :  This  species  appears  to  be  rather  closely  related  to  P.  magna  and 
P.  dentilobis  but  differs  most  conspicuously  in  the  presence  of  paraphyses  at  the 
bases  of  the  lobes. 

Genus  PSEUDOPARLATORIA  Ckll. 

Pseudoparlatoria  parlatorioides  (Comst.). 

Figs.  29,  30. 

Previous  records.  A  rather  common  species  in  the  tropical  and 
subtropical  parts  of  the  Western  Hemisphere. 


Fig.  29. — Pseudoparlatoria  parlatorioides  (Comst.)  :  A,  adult  female;  B,  pygidium 
•  of  first  stage;  C,  antenna  of  first  stage. 

Lower  California  records.  From  oleander  and  an  undetermined 
ornamental  at  La  Paz;' Forchammeria  watsoni  ("palo  de  San  Juan")  at 
La  Rivera ;  Cercidium  sp.  at  Agua  Caliente ;  Asclepias  subulata,  banana 
and  guava  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo;  Celosia  floribunda  ("bledo")  and 
Elaphrium  microphyllum  ("torote")  at  Cabo  San  Lucas;  avocado  at 
Todos  Santos. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


109 


The  accompanying  figures  will  supplement  the  original  description. 
I  may  note  that  there  is  some  variation  in  the  number  of  groups  of 
circumgenital  pores,  there  being  at  times  five  groups.  In  the  first  stage 


Fig.  30. — Pseudoparlatoria    parlatorioides    (Comst.)  :    pygidium    of    adult. 

larva  the  antennae  are  5-segmented  (Fig.  29C),  the  terminal  segment 
long  and  distinctly  annulate  as  in  the  typical  Aspidiotine  forms,  although 
the  species  certainly  belongs  in  the  Diaspis  series.  The  pygidium  of  the 
first  stage  (Fig.  29B)  bears  two  pairs  of  small,  notched  lobes. 

Genus  CHIONASPIS  Sign. 

Chionaspis  distichlii  n.  sp. 
Fig.  31. 

Type  from  Distichlis  spicata  along  the  beach  at  the  Eureka  ranch 
near  La  Rivera. 

Habit.  Occurring  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaves.  Scale  of  female 
of  the  form  usual  to  the  genus,  quite  narrow,  about  1  mm.  long,  the 
first  exuvium  naked,  the  second  covered  with  secretion.  Scale  of  male 
but  little  shorter  than  that  of  the  female,  non-carinate. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult,  female  about  .75  mm.  long, 
the  derm  membranous  throughout  except  for  the  pygidium;  the  mar- 
gins of  the  abdominal  segments  projecting  but  little,  with  numerous 
small  ducts  but  without  gland  spines  except  on  the  first  segment  anterior 
to  the  pygidium.  Dorsum  of  the  abdomen  with  a  few  very  small  ducts. 


110 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


Pygidium  (Fig.  31)  with  three  pairs  of  lobes,  the  median  pair  alone 
well  developed,  these  simple  and  rounded  at  the  tip,  the  second  and 
third  pairs  very  small,  simple  and  scarcely  projecting  beyond  the  margin. 


Fig.  31 — Chionaspis  distichlii  n.  sp. :  pygidium  of  adult. 


Near  the  base  of  each  lobe  is  a  pair  of  quite  large  gland  spines  and  be- 
tween the  third  pair  and  the  anterior  margin  of  the  pygidium  is  a  single 
gland  spine.  The  marginal  and  submarginal  ducts  are  quite  large,  those 
of  the  dorsum  for  the  most  part  smaller,  all  very  few,  their  arrangement 
as  indicated  in  the  figure.  Anal  opening  quite  large,  somewhat  in  ad- 
vance of  the  center  of  the  pygidium.  Microducts  all  very  minute. 
Ventral  side  with  three  rows  of  very  small  tubular  ducts  and  with  three 
or  four  pairs  of  quite  large  spines  at  some  distance  from  the  margin. 
Circumgenital  pores  in  three  groups  of  10-15  pores. 

Second  stage  closely  resembling  the  adult  except  for  the  absence 
of  all  but  the  marginal  ducts. 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  6-segmented,  all  the  segments  very 
short  except  the  first  and  sixth  which  are  slightly  elongate,  the  latter 
not  annulate.  Pygidium  without  lobes  but  with  two  or  three  pairs  of 
gland  spines. 

Notes:  This  species  is  a  member  of  a  rather  characteristic  grass-infesting 
group  to  which  belong  such  forms  as  C<  spartinae.  From  this,  the  only  American 
member  of  the  group,  it  differs  in  the  inconspicuous  lobes  and  the  small  number 
of  dorsal  ducts. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


111 


Chionaspis  pinifoliae  (Fitch). 

Previous  records.  Widely  distributed  throughout  the  United  States 
on  various  conifers. 

Lower  California  records.     From  Pinus  cembroides  at  La  Laguna. 

Chionaspis  quercus  Comst. 

Previous  records.  Widely  distributed  throughout  the  United  States 
on  various  species  of  oaks. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Quercus  brandegeei  at  Triunfo, 
Santiago  and  La  Laguna. 

Genus  LEPIDOSAPHES 

Lepidosaphes  acuta  n.  sp. 

Figs.  32,  33. 

Type  from  an  undetermined  shrub  at  Cabo  San  Lucas. 
Habit.     Occurring  on  the  twigs.     Scale  of  the  female  of  the  type 
common  to  the  genus,  white,  about  2.5  mm.  long,  the  exuviae  covered 
with  secretion.     Scale  of  male  resembling  that  of  female  in  form  and 
texture. 


Fig.  32.— Lepidosaphes  acuta  n.  sp. :  A,  adult  female ;  B,  pygidial  margin  of  first 
stage;   C,  antenna  of  first  stage. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  32A)  about  2 
mm.  long,  the  derm  tending  to  be  quite  heavily  chitinized,  especially  on 
the  cephalothorax.  Cephalothorax  elongate,  with  faint  intersegmental 
constrictions,  not  sharply  separated  from  the  abdomen.  Margins  of  the 


112 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


abdominal   segments  not  projecting,   without  gland   spines   but  with   a 
few  small  ducts. 


Fig.   33. — Lepidosaphes  acuta  n.   sp. :   pygidium   of   adult. 

. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  33)  acute  at  apex,  terminating  in  a  pair  of  rather 
small,  pointed  median  lobes,  which  are  notched  on  the  lateral  margin. 
Second  pair  of  lobes  but  little  more  than  tooth-like  projections  which  are 
somewhat  bilobed.  Gland  spines  entirely  lacking.  Tubular  ducts  quite 
numerous,  scattered,  all  rather  small,  those  of  the  dorsum  as  large  as 
those  of  the  margin,  their  distribution  as  indicated  in  the  figure.  Anal 
opening  quite  large,  close  to  the  anterior  margin  of  the  pygidium. 
Ventral  side  apparently  without  tubular  ducts.  Circumgenital  pores 
lacking. 

Second  stage  closely  resembling  the  adult,  but  with  fewer  ducts. 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  32C)  5-segmented,  the  terminal 
segment  short  and  not  annulate.  Pygidium  (Fig.  32B)  with  two  pairs 
of  lobes. 

Notes:  This  species  is  certainly  not  congeneric  with  the  type  of  Lepido- 
saphes, but  I  refer  it  here  for  the  present.  I  know  of  no  other  species  that  it  at 
all  closely  resembles. 

Lepidosaphes  calcarata  n.  sp. 

Figs.  34,  35. 

Type  from  Haentatoxylon  boreale  ("palo  de  brazil")  at  La  Paz. 
Also  from  Acacia  flexicaulis  ("palo  de  fierro")  at  La  Paz;  Cassia  occi- 
dentalis  ("palo  de  zorillo")  and  Lysiloma  sp.  ("palo  bianco"),  at  Mira- 
flores. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


113 


Habit.  Occurring  on  the  trunk  and  limbs.  Scale  of  female  of  the 
type  common  to  the  genus,  about  2.5  mm.  long,  quite  broad  posteriorly, 
sometimes  strongly  curved;  exuviae  naked,  yellow.  Scale  of  male  not 
observed. 


Fig.  34. — Lepidosaphes  calcarata  n.  sp. :   pygidium  of  adult. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  35A)  about  2 
mm.  long,  the  derm  membranous  throughout  or  with  the  cephalothorax 
tending  to  be  somewhat  chitinized.  Cephalothorax  not  divided  by  in- 
tersegmental  constrictions  and  not  sharply  separated  from  the  abdomen. 
Margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  projecting  somewhat,  each  with 
several  small  ducts,  several  gland  spines  and  with  a  rather  conspicuous 
chitinous  spur  (Fig.  35C)  which  bears  one  or  two  ducts  which  open  near 
the  apex. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  34)  somewhat  acute,  with  two  pairs  of  lobes. 
Median  lobes  prominent,  close  together,  their  apices  sloping  and  crenu- 
late.  Second  lobes  of  the  same  shape  as  the  first  but  smaller,  not  bilobed. 
Between  the  first  and  second  lobes  are  two  very  small  gland  spines  and 
at  the  base  of  the  second  lobe  there  is  at  each  angle  a  large  pore  with 
a  heavily  chitinized  rim.  Beyond  the  second  lobe  are  two  large  gland 
spines  followed  by  three  large  pores  with  chitinous  rims,  a  spine,  two 
large  gland  spines,  a  large  pore,  three  gland  spines  and  a  spur.  Dorsal 
ducts  somewhat  smaller  than  those  of  the  margin,  arranged  in  rather 
definite  rows  as  indicated  in  the  figure.  Microducts  very  small.  Anal 


114 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


opening  somewhat  cephalad  of  the  center  of  the  pygidium.    Ventral  side 

with  two  or  three  rows  of  very  small  ducts.   Circumgenital  pores  lacking. 

Second  stage  closely  resembling  the  adult  but  with  .few  ducts. 


Fig.  35. — Lepidosaphes  calcarata  n.  sp. :  A,  adult  female;  B,  pygidial  margin  of 
first  stage;  C,  lateral  margin  of  an  abdominal  segment  of  adult  female; 
D,  antenna  of  first  stage. 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  35D)  6-segmented,  the  terminal 
segment  neither  elongate  nor  annulate.  Pygidium  (Fig.  35B)  with  the 
lobes  well  developed,  the  median  pair  very  small,  almost  fused,  the  sec- 
ond pair  quite  large  and  with  the  tip  twice  notched,  the  third  and  fourth 
pairs  like  the  second  but  very  small. 

Notes :  This  species,  like  the  preceding,  is  not  a  Lepidosaphes  and  is  merely 
referred  to  this  genus  temporarily.  I  know  of  no  species  that  closely  resembles  it. 

Lepidosaphes  concolor  (Ckll.). 

1919.  Lepidosaphes  concolor  (Ckll.),  Ferris:  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of 
the  Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United  States,"  Stanford  University  Pub- 
lications, p.  60,  fig.  33. 

Previous  records.  From  A  triplex  in  Texas,  New  Mexico  and  Cali- 
fornia. 

Lower  California  Records.  From  Encelia  farinosa  and  Franseria 
sp.  at  Todos  Santos,  and  Pedilanthus  macrocarpa  ("candelilla")  near 
Pescadero. 

Notes:  The  specimens  from  these  hosts  agree  very  closely  with  typical 
examples. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  US 

Lepidosaphes  gloveri  (Pack.). 

Previous   records.     A   widely   distributed   tropical   and    subtropical 
species  infesting  citrus  fruits. 

Lower  California  records.     From  orange  at  San  Bartolo. 

Lepidosaphes  mimosarum  (Ckll.). 

Fig.  36 
1903.    Mytilaspis  mimosarum  Ckll.,  Entomologist,  36:45. 

Previous  records.     From  Mimosa  sp.,  Zapotlan,  Mexico. 
Lower  California  records.     On  Mimosa  sp.,  at  San  Pedro. 


Fig.  36. — Lepidosaphes   mimosarum    (Ckll.)  :    pygidium    of    adult. 

Habit.  Occurring  for  the  most  part  beneath  the  surface  of  the 
ground  but  occasionally  on  the  twigs  or  even  on  the  leaves.  Scale  of 
female  of  the  type  common  to  the  genus,  about  2  mm.  long,  gray  or 
brown,  rather  slender,  frequently  curved;  exuviae  naked.  Scale  of  male 
in  form  resembling  that  of  the  female  but  lighter  in  color. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  about  1  mm.  long, 
derm  membranous  throughout  except  for  the  pygidium.  Cephalothorax 
not  greatly  elongate,  not  divided  by  intersegmental  constriction  and  not 
sharply  separated  from  the  abdomen.  Lateral  margins  of  the  abdominal 
segments  projecting  but  little,  each  with  two  or  three  small  gland  spines 
and  several  small  ducts.  Dorsum  of  abdomen  without  ducts. 


116 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


Pygidium  (Fig.  36)  with  the  median  lobes  alone  well  developed, 
these  large,  low  and  broad,  with  the  tips  rounded  and  slightly  crenulate. 
Second  pair  of  lobes  represented  merely  by  a  small,  toothlike  projection. 
Between  the  first  and  second  lobes  is  a  small  gland  spine  and  a  pore 
prominence  bearing  a  rather  large  pore  with  chitinous  rim.  Beyond  the 
second  lobe  are  two  large  gland  spines  followed  by  two  gland  promi- 
nences bearing  large  pores  with  chitinous  rims,  then  a  spine,  two  more 
large  gland  spines,  two  large  submarginal  pores,  a  spine,  two  gland 
spines,  and  another  submarginal  pore.  All  the  submarginal  pores  with 
conspicuous  chitinous  rims.  Dorsal  ducts  Considerably  smaller  than 
those  of  the  margin,  rather  few,  arranged  as  indicated  in  the  figure. 
Microducts  very  small.  Anal  opening  large,  quite  close  to  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  pygidium.  Ventral  side  with  three  rows  of  very  small 
ducts.  Circumgenital  pores  in  three  groups,  the  cephalic  group  with  5-6 
pores,  the  others  with  10-20. 

Notes :  This  determination  has  been  confirmed  by  Mr.  Morrison  who  has 
compared  specimens  with  the  mounts  from  the  type  material  in  the  National 
Collection. 

Lepidosaphes  obtecta  n.  sp. 

Figs.  37,  38. 

Type  from  A  triplex  sp.,  at  La  Paz.  Also  from  a  species  of  Acacia 
or  Mimosa  and  from  Fouquieria  peninsularis  ("palo  de  Adan")  at  La 
Paz. 


Fig.  37. — Lepidosaphes  obtecta  n.  sp. :  pygidium  of  adult. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


117 


Habit.  Occurring  in  cracks  in  the  bark.  But  a  few  specimens 
were  found  and  in  each  case  the  scale  was  destroyed  in  searching  for  it. 
The  second  exuvium  is  very  large  but  does  not  inclose  the  adult. 


Fig.  38. — Lepidosaphes   obtecta    n.   sp. :    A,    adult    female;    B,   pygidial   margin   of 
first  stage ;  C,  extremity  of  microduct ;  D,  antenna  of  first  stage. 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  38 A)  about 
.75  mm.  long,  elongate  oval,  tapering  posteriorly,  derm  membranous 
throughout  except  for  the  pygidium,  the  greater  part  of  the  body  oc- 
cupied by  the  cephalothorax.  Margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  pro- 
jecting but  little,  without  gland  spines  but  with  numerous  small  ducts. 
Dorsum  of  the  abdomen  without  ducts. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  37)  rounded,  bearing  two,  or  perhaps  three,  pairs 
of  lobes.  Median  pair  quite  large  with  a  deep  notch  on  the  outer  margin, 
separated  by  a  small  space  in  which  are  two  small  gland  spines.  Second 
pair  very  small,  low  and  rounded.  Between  the  first  and  second  pairs 
is  a  small  gland  spine  and  a  pore  prominence.  Beyond  the  second  lobe 
is  a  rather  large  gland  spine,  a  pore  prominence,  and  a  sharply  pointed, 
chitinous  prominence,  a  small  chitinous  tooth,  a  spine  and  two  gland 
spines.  Ducts  few,  those  of  the  dorsum  smaller  than  those  of  the  margin, 
their  arrangement  as  indicated  in  the  figure.  Microducts  very  long  and 
slender,  terminating  in  a  structure  of  the  type  indicated  in  Fig.  37C. 
Anal  opening  moderately  large,  somewhat  cephalad  of  the  center  of  the 
pygidium.  Ventral  side  with  three  rows  of  small  ducts.  Circumgenital 
pores  lacking. 

Second  stage  resembling  the  adult  but  without  dorsal  pores. 


118 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  38D)  5-segmented,  the  terminal 
segment  neither  elongate  nor  annulate,  the  pygidium  (Fig.  38B)  with  a 
single  pair  of  rather  large  lobes. 

Notes:  This  is  a  very  peculiar  species  of  doubtful  affinities  that  I  place 
in  Lepsidosaphes  only  because  of  the  lack  of  a  better  place. 

Lepidosaphes  peninsularis  n.  sp. 

Figs.  39,  40. 

Type  from  Porophyllum  gracilis  ("yerba  del  venado")  between  La 
Paz  and  San  Pedro.  Also  from  the  same  host  at  Agua  Caliente;  Asc- 
lepias  subulata  at  La  Paz  and  San  Jose  del  Cabo;  undertermined  Eu- 
phorbiaceous  shrub  at  La  Paz. 


Fig.  39. — Lepidosaphes    peninsularis    n.    sp. :    pygidium    of    adult. 

Habit.  Occurring  on  the  stems  and  leaves  of  the  host.  Scale  of 
female  of  the  form  common  to  the  genus,  about  3  mm.  long,  straight, 
white,  or  slightly  brown ;  exuviae  covered  with  secretion.  Scale  of  male 
similar  to  that  of  female  but  smaller. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  40A)  about  2 
mm.  long,  derm  membranous  except  for  the  pygidium;  margins  of  the 
abdominal  segments  projecting  but  little,  without  gland  spines  but  with 
numerous  small  ducts.  Dorsum  of  the  abdomen  practically  without 
ducts. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  39)  rounded,  with  two  pairs  of  lobes.  Median 
pair  widely  separated,  short,  rounded.  Second  pair  small,  distinctly 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


119 


bilobed.  Between  the  first  and  second  lobes  is  a  very  small  gland  spine 
and  pore.  Beyond  the  second  lobes  is  a  very  small  gland  spine  followed 
by  two  submarginal  pores,  a  spine,  a  gland  spine,  two  submarginal  pores, 


Fig  40. — Lepidosaphes  peninsularis  n.  sp. :  A,  adult  female ;  B,  pygidial  margin  of 
first  stage;  C,  antenna  of  first  stage. 

a  spine,  two  submarginal  pores,  a  spine  and  a  single  pore.  Submarginal 
pores  with  chitinous  rims.  Dorsal  ducts  smaller  than  those  of  the 
margin,  scattered,  their  arrangement  as  indicated  in  the  figure.  Micro- 
ducts  very  small.  Anal  opening  large,  near  the  center  of  the  pygidium. 
Ventral  side  with  a  few  very  small  ducts.  Circumgenital  pores  in  five 
groups  of  5  to  12  pores. 

Second  stage  very  similar  to  adult  but  lacking  dorsal  ducts. 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  40C)  5-segmented,  the  ter- 
minal about  as  long  as  the  others  combined  and  distinctly  annulate ; 
pygidium  (Fig.  40B)  with  one  pair  of  quite  large  lobes. 

Notes:  This  species  is  very  close  to  L.  concolor  (Ckll.),  but  it  differs  from 
the  latter  in  the  low,  rounded  and  rather  widely  separated  median  lobes.  In 
the  numerous  specimens  of  both  species  that  I  have  examined  I  have  found  no 
intergradation. 

Genus  ODONASPIS  Leon. 

Odonaspis  litorosa  n.  sp. 

Figs.  41,  42. 

Type  from  Rachidospermum  mexicanum  on  the  beach  at  the  Eureka 
ranch  near  La  Rivera.  The  host  is  a  coarse,  stiff  beach  grass  that  is 
known  only  from  this  region. 


120  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

Habit.  Occurring  beneath  the  sheathing  base  of  the  leaves.  Scale 
of  female  2.5  mm.  long,  elongate  oval,  white.  First  exuvium  naked, 
second  white.  Ventral  scale  continuous  with  the  dorsal  scale,  thick, 
composed  in  part  of  the  ventral  portion  of  the  second  exuvium.  Scale  of 
the  male  of  the  type  common  to  the  genus. 


Fig.  41. — Odonaspis   Htorosa  n.   sp. :   pygidium   of  adult. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  42B)  about  1.25 
mm.  long,  elongate  oval,  derm  membranous  except  for  the  pygidium  and 
the  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments.  Lateral  margins  of  the  ab- 
dominal segments  with  great  numbers  of  small  ducts. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  41)  without  definite  lobes  but  with  two  pairs  of 
small  and  quite  widely  separated  paraphyses.  Dorsum  with  a  great 
number  of  small  ducts.  Anal  opening  quite  small,  somewhat  cephalad  of 
the  center  of  the  pygidium.  Ventral  side  with  numerous  small  ducts, 
these  confined  to  a  broad  marginal  zone.  Circumgenital  pores  numerous, 
arranged  in  three  more  or  less  confluent  groups. 

Second  stage  with  the  ducts  almost  lacking,  the  pygidium  (Fig. 
42 A)  with  two  pairs  of  paraphyses  as  in  the  adult  and  with  a  series  of 
acute  points  along  the  margin. 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  42C)  5-segmented,  the  third 
segment  quite  long,  the  terminal  segment  somewhat  elongate  and  slight- 
ly annulate;  pygidium  (Fig.  42D)  with  a  single  pair  of  small  lobes. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


121 


Notes :  Of  the  species  known  to  me  this  most  closely  resembles  O.  ruthae 
Kotinsky,  an  Hawaiian  species,  from  which  if  differs  chiefly  in  the  presence  of 
the  second  pair  of  paraphyses. 


Fig.  42. — Odonaspis  litorosa  n.  sp. :  A,  pygidium  of  second  stage;  B,  adult  female; 
C,  antenna  of  first  stage;  D,  pygidium  of  first  stage. 


Odonaspis  fistulata  n.  sp. 
Fig.  43. 

Type  from  Distichlis  spicata  at  Punta  Palmilla  near  San  Jose  del 
Cabo. 

Habit.  Occurring  beneath  the  sheathing  bases  of  the  leaves  or  on  the 
upper  surface  of  the  leaves  near  the  base.  Scale  of  female  about  2.5  mm. 
long,  white,  somewhat  elongate  with  the  exuviae  near  one  end  and  naked ; 
ventral  scale  thick,  continuous  with  the  dorsal  scale,  and  composed  in  part 
of  the  ventral  portion  of  the  second  exuvium  as  is  common  in  this  genus. 
Scale  of  male  white,  somewhat  elongate,  with  the  exuvium  near  one  end. 


122 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  about  1  mm.  long,  some- 
what elongate  oval,  in  general  resembling  O.  litorosa;  derm  membranous 
except  for  the  pygidium  and  the  lateral  margins  of  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments. Lateral  margins  of  the  segments  with  many  small  ducts. 


Fig.  43. r—O donas pis  fistulata  n.  sp. :    A,    pygidium  of  adult ;  B,  pygidial  margin  of 
first  stage ;  C,  antenna  of  first  stage. 


Pygidium  (Fig.  43A)  without  lobes  or  paraphyses  but  with  a  median 
notch  which  is  continuous  with  a  tubular  invagination  which  extends  into 
the  pygidium,  and  from  the  inner  extremity  of  which  there  arises  a  cluster 
of  slender  ducts.  Tubular  ducts  small,  extremely  numerous.  Anal  open- 
ing quite  small,  placed  well  toward  the  anterior  margin  of  the  pygidium. 
Ventral  side  with  a  few  ducts,  these  confined  to  a  broad  marginal  zone. 
Circumgenital  pores  present,  numerous,  arranged  in  three  more  or  less 
confluent  groups.  _ 

Second  stage  with  the  pygidium  practically  as  in  0.  litorosa  but  with 
the  tube  present  and  with  but  the  first  pair  of  paraphyses  developed. 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  43C)  quite  short  and  stout, 
5-segmented,  the  third  segment  not  elongate,  and  the  terminal  segment 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


123 


neither  elongate  nor  annulate;  pygidium  (Fig.  43B)  with  a  single  pair 
of  widely  separated  lobes. 

Notes:  While  this  species  is  in  most  respects  quite  typical  of  the  genus 
Odonaspis  the  presence  of  the  invaginated  apical  tube  is  a  peculiarity  which  it 
shares  with  but  one  other  species,  O.  canaliculata  Green.  The  latter  species  has 
been  recorded  only  from  India  but  in  spite  of  the  great  geographical  separation 
the  two  are  certainly  very  closely  related,  differing  chiefly  in  the  fact  that  in  the 
Indian  species  the  circumgenital  pores  are  lacking  and  the  apical  invagination 
extends  nearly  to  the  anal  opening. 

Genus  ASPIDIOTUS  Bouche. 

Aspidiotus  candidulus  Ckll. 

1919.  Aspidiotus  candidulus  Ckll.,  Ferris :  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of 
the  Coccidae  of  Southwestern  United  States,"  Stanford  University  Pub- 
lications, p.  63,  fig.  35. 

Previous  records.    From  Prosopis  velutina,  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Lower  California  records.     From  yucca  at  Todos  Santos. 


Aspidiotus  chortinus  n.  sp. 

Figs.  44,  45. 

Type  from  Chaetochloa  caudata  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo. 
Habit.    Occurring  beneath  the  sheathing  bases  of  the  leaves.    Scale 
of  female  1.5-2  mm.  in  diameter,  white,  quite  thick  and  firm,  circular  or 


Fig.  44j — Aspidiotus    chortinus    n.    sp. :    pygidium    of    adult. 


124  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

subcircular,  with  the  exuviae  subcentral,  covered  with  secretion ;  ventral 
scale  thick,  composed  in  part  of  the  ventral  portion  of  the  second  exuvium. 
Scale  of  male  quite  elongate  oval,  with  the  exuvium  at  one  end,  in  color 
and  texture  resembling  that  of  the  female. 


Fig.  4S.—Aspidiotus   chortinus  n.    sp. :    A,   adult    female;    B,   pygidial   margin   of 
first  stage;  C,  antenna  of  first  stage. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  45 A)  1.5  mm. 
long,  of  ordinary  form;  derm  membranous  or  with  the  anterior  portion 
of  the  cephalothorax  somewhat  chitinized. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  44)  rather  short  and  broad,  with  the  median  lobes 
alone  well  developed,  these  large  and  broad,  the  lateral  margins  parallel, 
the  apex  truncate  and  with  two  deep  notches.  Second  lobes  broad  and 
very  low.  Spines  at  the  bases  of  the  lobes  quite  long  and  conspicuous. 
Plates  small  but  numerous ;  one  or  two  that  are  very  small,  between  the 
first  and  second  lobes,  and  as  many  as  ten  beyond  the  second  lobes,  these 
variable  in  form,  some  being  simple,  others  slightly  branched.  Dorsal 
ducts  very  few,  small  and  slender,  arranged  as  indicated  in  the  figure. 
Anal  opening  quite  large,  scarcely  more  than  twice  its  own  diameter 
from  the  posterior  margin.  Ventral  side  with  a  very  few  small  ducts, 
without  paragenital  pores.  Vaginal  opening  flanked  by  a  pair  of  elongat- 
ed chitinized  areas. 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  45C)  5-segmented,  the  terminal 
segment  quite  elongate  and  annulate;  pygidium  (Fig.  45B)  with  two 
pairs  of  widely  separated  lobes,  the  outer  pair  very  small. 

Notes:  This  species  is  very  close  to  A.  graminellus  Ckll.,  a  species  that  has 
been  recorded  from  Colorado  and  New  Mexico.  It  differs  chiefly  in  the  much 
greater  development  of  the  plates,  both  in  number  and  size,  and  in  the  much 
fewer  and  smaller  dorsal  ducts.  It  is  possible  that  it  will  prove  to  be  a  sub- 
species of  graminellus. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 

Aspidiotus  diffinis  Newst. 
Figs.  46,  47 A,  47B. 


125 


Fig.  46.— Aspidiotus  diffinis  Newst.:  pygidium  of  specimen  from  guava  at  La  Paz. 


/  »  »tf    • 

Fig.  47. — Aspidiotus  diffinis  Newst. :  A,  pygidial  margin  of  specimen  from  guava 
at  La  Paz;  B,  pygidial  margin  of  specimen  from  Liriodcndron  in  New 
Jersey ;  Aspidiotus  rapax  Comst. :  C,  pygidial  margin  of  specimen  from  Ceano- 
thus  in  California. 


126  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

Previous  records.  From  Canada,  eastern  United  States,  Mexico,  and 
the  West  Indies,  on  various  hosts. 

Lower  California  records.     From  guava  at  La  Paz. 

Notes:  In  all  respects  this  species  is  so  very  similar  to  A.  rapax  Comst., 
that  the  two  may  very  easily  be  confused,  the  general  characters  of  the  pygidium 
being  practically  identical.  My  specimens  present  a  considerable  amount  of  varia- 
tion in  the  number  and  size  of  the  plates  (Figs.  47 A,  B)  but  they  appear  con- 
stantly to  differ  from  rapax  (Fig.  47 C)  in  the  more  or  less  deeply  notched  sec- 
ond lobe  and  the  much  finer  branching  of  the  plates. 

As  an  additional  host  and  locality,  I  may  add  Liriodendron  tulipiferae  in 
New  Jersey,  (col.  Doane)  and  "shade  tree"  at  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  (from 
collection  of  R.  S.  Woglum). 

Aspidiotus  densiflorae  Bremner. 

1920.  Asipidiotus  densiflorae  Bremner,  Ferris:  "Scale  Insects  of  the  Santa  Cruz 
Peninsula,"  Stanford  University  Publications,  Biological  Sciences,  1 :1 :50, 
fig.  27. 

Previous  records.  From  Pasania  densiflorae  ("tan  oak")  and  Quer- 
cus  chrysolepis  in  California. 

Lower  California  records.  From  an  herbarium  specimen  of  Quer- 
cus  tomentella  from  Guadeloupe  Island,  an  island  about  two  hundred 
miles  off  the  Pacific  coast  of  the  peninsula. 

Aspidiotus  lataniae  Sign. 
1899.    Aspidiotus  lalaniae  Sign.,  Green:  Ent.  Mon.  Mag.,  35:181. 

Previous  records.  A  widely  distributed  tropical,  subtropical,  and 
greenhouse  species. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Forchammeria  watsoni  ("palo  de 
San  Juan")  at  La  Paz;  Karwinskia  humboldtiana  between  Cabo  San  Lu- 
cas and  Pescadero ;  mango  at  San  Bartolo. 

Notes :  As  there  has  been  much  confusion  concerning  the  proper  applica- 
tion of  the  name  lataniae  I  may  point  out  that  I  am  using  the  name  for  the 
species  described  by  Green  in  the  reference  cited  above.  This  appears  to  be 
the  species  that  has  ordinarily  passed  under  the  name  of  A.  cydoniae  Comst. 

Aspidiotus  osborni  Ckll.  and  Newell. 

1920.  Aspidiotus  osborni  Ckll.,  Ferris :  "Scale  Insects  of  the  Santa  Cruz  Penin- 
sula," Stanford  University  Publications,  Biological  Sciences,  1 :1  :51,  fig.  29. 

Previous  records.  Widely  distributed  on  various  species  of  oak  in 
the  United  States. 

Lower  California  records.    From  Quercus  brandegeei  near  Santiago. 

Notes :  I  have  but  a  single  specimen  from  Lower  California,  this  agreeing 
quite  closely  with  typical  osborni  except  in  having  the  plates  somewhat  larger. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


127 


Aspidiotus  pedilanthi  n.  sp. 

Fig.  48. 

Type  from  Pedilanthus  macrocarpa  ("candelilla")  near  Pescadero. 
Also  from  Horsfordia  sp.  at  San  Pedro ;  Franseria  sp.  at  Todos  Santos ; 
Populus  sp.  at  San  Jose  del  Cabo. 

Habit.  Occurring  for  the  most  part  on  the  crowns  of  the  host.  Scale 
of  female  circular,  about  1.5  mm.  in  diameter,  flat,  gray,  exuviae  submar- 
ginal,  covered.  Scale  of  male  slightly  elongate. 


Fig.  48. — Aspidiotus  pedilanthi  n.  sp. :  pygidium  and  pygidial  margin  of  specimen 
from  type  host. 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  1.6  mm.  long,  of  the 
normal  turbinate  form,  menbranous  or  with  the  cephalothorax  tending 
to  be  somewhat  chitinous.  Margins  of  the  adbominal  segments  without 
ducts. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  48)  entirely  without  plates  and  with  the  lateral  lobes 
entirely  obsolete.  Median  lobes  prominent,  straight,  and  with  a  distinct 
subapical  notch  on  the  outer  margin.  First  poriferous  furrow  with  the 
paraphyses  well  developed,  the  inner  paraphysis  distinctly  clavate,  the 
outer  straight  and  slender.  Second  furrow  with  the  paraphyses  quite 
small.  Tubular  ducts  quite  small  and  slender,  quite  numerous,  arranged 
as  indicated  in  the  figure.  Anal  opening  small,  slightly  cephalad  of  the 
apex  of  the  first  paraphyses.  Ventral  side  with  a  few  very  minute  mar- 
ginal and  submarginal  ducts.  Paragenital  pores  lacking.  Vaginal  open- 
ing flanked  by  a  pair  of  elongated  chitinized  areas. 


128 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


Notes:  This  species  is  certainly  very  close  to  A.  coursetiae  Marlatt,  from 
northwestern  Mexico,  and  A.  covilleae  Ferris  (which  is  perhaps  a  synonym  of 
coursetiae)  from  Arizona.  It  differs  from  both  in  the  complete  absence  of  para- 
genital  pores.  It  is  not  impossible  that  the  examination  of  a  large  enough  series 
would  show  an  intergradation  in  this  respect  as  coursetiae  is  described  as  having 
the  number  of  pores  in  each  group  very  small. 

Aspidiotus  rapax  Comst. 

Previous  records.    A  cosmopolitan  species  on  innumerable  hosts. 

Lower  California  records.  From  Rhus  laurina  at  Ensenada;  Pith- 
ecolobium  dulce  ("guamuchil")  at  Miraflores ;  Heteromeles  arbutifolia 
and  Arbutus  peninsularis  at  La  Laguna. 


Aspidiotus  spinosus  Comst. 

Fig.  49. 

Previous  records.    A  greenhouse  species,  previously  recorded  from 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  from  England. 

Lower  California  records.     From  cultivated  grape  and  asparagus 
fern  at  La  Paz. 


Fig.  49.— Aspidiotus  spinosus  Comst.:  pygidium  of  specimen  from  grape  at  La  Paz. 

Notes :     This  determination  has  been  confirmed  by  Mr.  Morrison,  who  has 
compared  specimens  with  the  type.     I  present  a  figure  of  the  pygidium. 


COCCIDAE   FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA  129 

Genus  CHRYSOMPHALUS  Ashmead. 
Chrysomphalus  aonidum  (Lin.). 

Previous  records.  A  widely  distributed  tropical  and  greenhouse 
species. 

Lower  California  records.  From  an  undetermined  ornamental  at 
La  Paz. 

Chrysomphalus  enceliae  n.  sp. 

Fig.  50. 

Type  from  a  large  composite,  Encelia  palmeri,  in  the  canyon  at 
Todos  Santos. 


Fig.  50. — Chrysomphalus  enceliae   n.   sp. :    pygidium   of   adult. 

Habit.  Occurring  on  the  trunk  of  the  host,  sometimes  concealed  be- 
neath loose  bark.  When  not  thus  concealed  the  dorsal  scale  becomes  very 
easily  detached,  leaving  the  conspicuous  white  ventral  scale.  Scale  of 
female  roughly  circular,  flat,  black,  hard  and  brittle,  2-3  mm.  in  diameter. 
Scale  of  male  not  identified. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  about  2  mm.  long,  of 
the  normal  turbinate  form,  the  anterior  portion  of  the  cephalothorax 
tending  to  be  quite  heavily  chitinized. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  50)  heavily  chitinized,  short  and  broad.  Four 
pairs  of  lobes  present,  the  median  pair  quite  large,  the  others  mere  pro- 
jections, all  rounded  at  the  apex.  Paraphyses  well  developed,  rather  short 


130 


REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 


and  stout,  arranged  as  follows:  One  at  each  basal  angle  of  the  median 
lobe,  the  outer  the  longer ;  one  at  the  base  of  the  second  lobe,  this  quite 
short;  three  at  the  inner  basal  angle  of  the  third  and  fourth  lobes,  the 
middle  one  of  each  group  the  longest.  Tubular  ducts  few,  slender,  and 
inconspicuous,  confined,  except  for  one  or  two,  to  the  margin  beyond 
the  third  pair  of  lobes.  Anal  opening  quite  small,  slightly  caudad  of  the 
center  of  the  pygidium.  Ventral  side  with  numbers  of  very  minute 
ducts.  Paragenital  pores  lacking. 

First  stage  identical  with  that  of  C.  induratus  n.  sp.  (Fig.  52D) 
which  is  described  below,  except  that  the  terminal  segment  of  the  anten- 
nae is  slightly  shorter. 

Notes:  Of  the  species  known  to  me  this  most  closely  resembles  C.  nigro- 
punctatus  (Ckll.),  from  Mexico,  from  which  it  differs  essentially  only  in  the  ab- 
sence of  the  paragenital  pores. 


Chrysomphalus  induratus  n.  sp. 

Figs.  51,  52. 

Type  from  Pinus  cembroides  at  La  Laguna.  Also  from  Quercus 
brandegeei  between  Cabo  San  Lucas  and  Pescadero;  undetermined  mi- 
mosaceous  shrub  at  San  Bartolo  and  Vachellia  farnesiana  at  Todos  San- 
tos. 


Fig.  51.— Chrysomphalus    induratus    n.    sp. :    pygidium    of    specimen    from    Pinus 

cembroides. 


COCCIDAE    FROM    LOWER    CALIFORNIA 


131 


Habit.  Occurring  on  the  bark  of  the  host,  those  on  pine  being 
chiefly  on  the  smaller  twigs,  the  dorsal  scale  becoming  detached  very 
easily.  Scale  of  female  circular,  about  2  mm.  in  diameter,  black,  flat,  hard 
and  brittle.  Ventral  scale  very  thin.  Scale  of  male  not  identified. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (Fig.  52E)  of  the 
usual  turbinate  form,  the  derm  membranous  except  for  the  anterior  por- 
tion of  the  cephalothorax,  which  tends  to  be  more  or  less  heavily  chiti- 
nized  anteriorly. 


Fig.  52. — Chrysomphalus  induratus  n.  sp. :  A,  pygidial  margin;  C,  antenna  of 
first  stage;  D,  pygidial  margin  of  first  stage;  E.  adult  female.  Chrysom- 
phalus lilacinus  Ckll. :  B,  pygidial  margin  of  adult. 


Pygidium  (Figs.  51,  52 A)  rather  acute,  the  median  lobes  promi- 
nent and  rounded,  the  second  and  third  consisting  of  but  little  more  than 
slight  projections.  Paraphyses  well  developed,  arranged  as  follows:  a 
rather  long  paraphysis  at  inner  basal  angle  of  each  median  lobe  and  one 
about  twice  as  long  at  the  outer  angle ;  one  at  each  angle  of  second  lobe, 
the  inner  of  these  the  longer  but  not  exceeding  half  the  length  of  the 
outer  paraphysis  of  the  median  lobe ;  one  very  small,  between  the  second 
and  third  lobes,  followed  by  one  about  as  long  as  the  longest  of  the 
median  paraphyses  and  one  less  than  half  as  long  at  base  of  third  lobe ; 
two  beyond  the  third  lobe.  Plates  entirely  lacking.  Ducts  long  and 
slender,  few,  their  pores  confined  to  a  marginal  area  beyond  the  third 
lobes.  Anal  opening  small,  slightly  cephalad  of  the  median  paraphyses. 
Ventral  side  with  a  few  very  small  ducts.  Paragenital  pores  lacking. 


132  REPORT  UPON  A  COLLECTION  OF 

First  stage  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  52C)  5-segmented,  the  terminal 
segment  much  elongate  and  annulate;  pygidium  (Fig.  52D)  with  a  single 
pair  of  prominent  median  lobes. 

Notes:  This  species  is  quite  close  to  C.  lilacinus  Ckll.,  a  species  that  has 
been  recorded  from  oaks  in  southwestern  United  States  and  northern  Mexico. 
However,  the  lobes  in  lilacinus  (Fig.  52B)  are  much  larger,  the  paraphyses  are 
much  longer  and  somewhat  differently  arranged. 

Genus  TARGIONIA  Sign. 

Targionia  yuccarum  (Ckll.). 

1919.  Targionia  covilleae  Ferris,  Ferris:  "Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of  the 

Coccidae    of    Southwestern    United    States,"    Stanford    University    Publi- 
cations, pp.  66,  68,  fig.  38. 

1920.  Targionia  yuccarum    (Ckll.),   Ferris:   Can.  Ent.,  52:64. 

Previous  records.    From  Yucca  and  Chrysothamnus  in  New  Mexico, 
Covillea  glutinosa  in  Arizona  and  undetermined  host  in  Mexico. 
Lower  California  records.    From  Atriplex  sp.  at  La  Paz. 


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